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Internet Legislation

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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

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Purpose: Protect individuals' privacy and personal data within the European Union. Key details: Grants data subjects several rights including access, rectification, and the right to be forgotten; imposes heavy fines for non-compliance.

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Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)

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Purpose: To protect minors from exposure to obscene or harmful content over the internet in schools and libraries. Key details: Requires schools and libraries that receive federal funding to implement internet filters and enforce internet safety policies.

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USA PATRIOT Act

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Purpose: To strengthen U.S. measures to detect and prevent terrorism. Key details: Expands the authority of U.S. law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorist acts in the U.S. and abroad.

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PROTECT IP Act (PIPA)

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Purpose: To prevent infringement and counterfeiting on U.S.-based websites. Key details: Similar to SOPA, it was criticized for potential overreach and censorship and was never passed.

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Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

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Purpose: To address copyright issues in the digital age. Key details: Creates limitations on liability for online service providers who follow certain procedures, and criminalizes the circumvention of digital copy protection.

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California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

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Purpose: To enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California. Key details: Allows consumers to know what personal data is being collected, to whom it is being sold, and to say no to the sale of personal data.

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Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA)

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Purpose: To facilitate the sharing of internet traffic information between the U.S. government and technology and manufacturing companies. Key details: Intended to help protect the U.S. from cyber threats, but raised concerns about privacy and surveillance.

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Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)

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Purpose: To extend government restrictions on wire taps from telephone calls to include transmissions of electronic data by computer. Key details: Made up of the Wiretap Act, the Stored Communications Act, and the Pen Register Act.

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Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)

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Purpose: To reduce hacking of computer systems and to address federal computer-related offenses. Key details: Makes it illegal to access a computer without authorization or in a way that exceeds authorization.

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Information Technology Act

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Purpose: To provide legal recognition for transactions carried out via electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as 'electronic commerce'. Key details: Applied in India, includes provisions to address cybercrime and electronic commerce.

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

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Purpose: To protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge. Key details: Applied primarily to healthcare organizations, also sets data security standards for safeguarding medical information.

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Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)

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Purpose: To protect consumers engaging in electronic fund transfers. Key details: Provides rights to consumers and responsibilities to banks regarding electronic fund transfer systems.

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Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

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Purpose: Protect children under the age of 13 from the collection of personal information by websites without parental consent. Key details: Requires websites to have a clear privacy policy, obtain parental consent, and provide a means for parents to review and remove information collected from their children.

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FISA Amendments Act of 2008

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Purpose: To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, allowing the government to conduct surveillance of foreign targets without obtaining a warrant for each communication intercepted. Key details: Expanded powers of the National Security Agency (NSA) in the area of electronic surveillance.

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Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)

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Purpose: To combat copyright infringement and intellectual property theft online. Key details: Proposed in 2011 but not passed; met with significant opposition due to concerns over internet censorship.

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Communications Decency Act (CDA)

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Purpose: To regulate pornographic material on the internet. Key details: Provisions of this 1996 Act were struck down as unconstitutional for violating free speech protections.

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Telecommunications Act of 1996

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Purpose: To deregulate the broadcasting and telecommunications markets. Key details: First significant overhaul of telecommunications law in more than sixty years, intended to open up markets to competition.

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Net Neutrality

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Purpose: To ensure that internet service providers treat all data on the internet equally. Key details: Opposes ISPs discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, website, or application.

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