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Internet Legislation
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Purpose: Protect individuals' privacy and personal data within the European Union. Key details: Grants data subjects several rights including access, rectification, and the right to be forgotten; imposes heavy fines for non-compliance.
Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
Purpose: To protect minors from exposure to obscene or harmful content over the internet in schools and libraries. Key details: Requires schools and libraries that receive federal funding to implement internet filters and enforce internet safety policies.
USA PATRIOT Act
Purpose: To strengthen U.S. measures to detect and prevent terrorism. Key details: Expands the authority of U.S. law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorist acts in the U.S. and abroad.
PROTECT IP Act (PIPA)
Purpose: To prevent infringement and counterfeiting on U.S.-based websites. Key details: Similar to SOPA, it was criticized for potential overreach and censorship and was never passed.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
Purpose: To address copyright issues in the digital age. Key details: Creates limitations on liability for online service providers who follow certain procedures, and criminalizes the circumvention of digital copy protection.
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
Purpose: To enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California. Key details: Allows consumers to know what personal data is being collected, to whom it is being sold, and to say no to the sale of personal data.
Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA)
Purpose: To facilitate the sharing of internet traffic information between the U.S. government and technology and manufacturing companies. Key details: Intended to help protect the U.S. from cyber threats, but raised concerns about privacy and surveillance.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
Purpose: To extend government restrictions on wire taps from telephone calls to include transmissions of electronic data by computer. Key details: Made up of the Wiretap Act, the Stored Communications Act, and the Pen Register Act.
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)
Purpose: To reduce hacking of computer systems and to address federal computer-related offenses. Key details: Makes it illegal to access a computer without authorization or in a way that exceeds authorization.
Information Technology Act
Purpose: To provide legal recognition for transactions carried out via electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as 'electronic commerce'. Key details: Applied in India, includes provisions to address cybercrime and electronic commerce.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Purpose: To protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge. Key details: Applied primarily to healthcare organizations, also sets data security standards for safeguarding medical information.
Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)
Purpose: To protect consumers engaging in electronic fund transfers. Key details: Provides rights to consumers and responsibilities to banks regarding electronic fund transfer systems.
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Purpose: Protect children under the age of 13 from the collection of personal information by websites without parental consent. Key details: Requires websites to have a clear privacy policy, obtain parental consent, and provide a means for parents to review and remove information collected from their children.
FISA Amendments Act of 2008
Purpose: To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, allowing the government to conduct surveillance of foreign targets without obtaining a warrant for each communication intercepted. Key details: Expanded powers of the National Security Agency (NSA) in the area of electronic surveillance.
Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)
Purpose: To combat copyright infringement and intellectual property theft online. Key details: Proposed in 2011 but not passed; met with significant opposition due to concerns over internet censorship.
Communications Decency Act (CDA)
Purpose: To regulate pornographic material on the internet. Key details: Provisions of this 1996 Act were struck down as unconstitutional for violating free speech protections.
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Purpose: To deregulate the broadcasting and telecommunications markets. Key details: First significant overhaul of telecommunications law in more than sixty years, intended to open up markets to competition.
Net Neutrality
Purpose: To ensure that internet service providers treat all data on the internet equally. Key details: Opposes ISPs discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, website, or application.
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