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Musical Jargon

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Libretto

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The text of an opera or musical, including the dialogue and lyrics.

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Orchestra Pit

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The area located in front of a theatre stage where the orchestra performs.

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Wings

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The sides of the stage that are out of view of the audience and are used for performers' entrances and exits.

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Cue

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A signal for an actor or technician to do a predetermined action, such as an entrance or a light change.

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Book

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The written script of a musical, including dialogue and stage directions.

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Blocking

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The precise staging of actors on a stage in order to facilitate the performance.

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Ensemble

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The group of supporting performers in a musical, not including the leads.

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Cold Reading

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The reading aloud of a script or performative text without prior rehearsal, often in an audition setting.

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Tech Week

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The week prior to the opening of a performance dedicated to technical rehearsals, often with full costume and makeup.

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Choreography

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The art of designing dance movements and sequences for a musical.

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Overture

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An instrumental introduction to a musical, often presenting some of the musical's themes.

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Ballad

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A slow, sentimental, or romantic song typically in a musical.

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Call Time

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The time performers are required to be at the theater before a performance begins.

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Proscenium

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The part of a theatre stage that is in front of the curtain.

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Downstage

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The part of the stage closest to the audience; when an actor moves towards the audience.

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Stage Right

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The right side of the stage from the perspective of an actor facing the audience.

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Swing

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A member of the company who is able to play multiple ensemble roles and replace sick or absent performers.

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Green Room

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A room in a theatre provided for performers when they are not engaged on stage.

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Backdrop

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A large piece of cloth on which scenery is painted, usually hung at the back of a stage.

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Tableau

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A stage picture held by performers without movement, typically at the end of a scene or act.

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Reprise

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A repeated passage in music, often a return to an earlier song but with variations.

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Upstage

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The part of the stage furthest from the audience; when an actor moves away from the audience.

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Stage Left

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The left side of the stage from the perspective of an actor facing the audience.

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Score

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The composed music for a musical, usually including lyrics.

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Understudy

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A performer who learns the parts of a lead role in order to serve as a replacement if needed.

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