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Graphic Novel Vocabulary

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Caption

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Boxes containing text which provide narration, background information, or characters' thoughts.

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Coloring

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The process of adding color to the comic artwork.

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Gutter

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The space between panels.

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Bleed

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When a panel or image runs off the edge of the page, leaving no border.

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Frame

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The lines and borders that contain the graphics and text in a panel.

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Close-up

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A panel that shows a tight view of a character, typically focusing on the face.

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Zigzag

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A line of small angles, pointing in various directions, used to represent movement, shaking, or vibration.

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Montage

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A sequence of pictures that collapses time and space to convey a lot of information quickly.

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Splash

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A large, often full-page illustration which can contain little to no text.

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Establishing shot

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A panel that sets up a particular scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.

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Speech balloon

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Graphic containers for characters' dialogue.

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Narrative box

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Rectangular areas, usually at the top or bottom of a panel, that provide the reader with information.

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Background

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The part of a panel or scene represented as being at the furthest distance from the viewer.

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Sound effect

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Text that represents an auditory experience in the narrative.

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Foreground

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The part of a comic panel that seems closest to the viewer.

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Page layout

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The way in which panels, images, and text are arranged on the page.

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Manga

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Comics or graphic novels created in Japan, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century.

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Crosshatching

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A shading technique that uses fine parallel lines drawn closely together to create the illusion of shade or texture.

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Penciling

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The process of sketching the initial drawings in a comic book.

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Splash Panel

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A large, often full-page panel that contains a single image; similar to a splash page but smaller.

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Midground

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The part of a panel or scene situated between the foreground and background.

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Panel

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A distinct segment of the comic, containing a combination of image and text in endless variety.

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Thought bubble

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A type of speech balloon used to convey the thoughts of a character.

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Transition

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The process of reading from one panel to the next.

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Silhouette

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An image of a person, an object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

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Inking

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The process of applying ink over pencil sketches to finalize the artwork.

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Lettering

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The process of creating the comic's text and dialogue within the artwork.

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Graphic weight

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A term that refers to the way some images draw the eye more than others.

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Splash Page

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A full-page drawing in a comic book.

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Emanata

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Lines and symbols that emanate outwards from cartoon characters to show emotion or state of being.

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