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Probability - A random variable is a variable whose value is subject to variations due to randomness.

Probability - The mean or expected value of a random variable is a measure of the 'center' of its probability distribution.

Probability - The law of large numbers states that as a sample size grows, its mean gets closer to the average of the whole population.

Probability - Bayes' Theorem describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event.

Statistics - The sampling distribution of a statistic is the distribution of that statistic, considered as a random variable, when derived from a large number of samples of the same size from the same population.

Probability - Two events are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other.

Statistics - Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Statistics - A confidence interval is an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter, the estimated range being calculated from a given set of sample data.

Statistics - A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct.