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Cultural Art Movements

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Conceptual Art

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1960s to the present; Idea or concept is the most important aspect; Often questions the nature of art itself

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Graffiti Art

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1980s to present; Started as urban street art; Known for its bold lettering and graphic images

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Suprematism

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Founded in 1915; Focused on basic geometric forms; Emphasis on purity of form and supremacism of pure feeling

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Vienna Secession

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Founded in 1897; Group of Austrian artists; Sought to break away from the traditional academic art

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Harlem Renaissance

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1920s and 1930s; Cultural, social, and artistic explosion in Harlem, New York City; Known for the new flourishing of African American arts

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Cubism

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Early to mid-20th century; Breakdown of objects into geometric shapes; Overlapping and interlocking planes

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Minimalism

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1960s to 1970s; Emphasis on extreme simplicity of form; Uses industrial materials and processes

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Realism

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Mid-19th century; Depiction of everyday life; Rebellion against Romanticism

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Art Nouveau

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Late 19th to early 20th century; Characterized by decorative, flowing lines and curves; Nature-inspired designs and forms

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Kinetic Art

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1950s to present; Art that includes movement as a part of its expression or design; Often motorized or reliant on environmental forces

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Renaissance

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14th to 17th century; Revival of classical art and humanism; Development of linear perspective

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Abstract Expressionism

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Mid-20th century; Emphasis on spontaneous or subconscious creation; An abstract style with a focus on the act of painting itself

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Neoclassicism

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Mid-18th to early 19th century; Inspired by classical antiquity; Emphasis on simplicity and symmetry

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Op Art

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1960s; Short for 'Optical Art'; Relies on optical illusions and oftentimes consists of visual patterns which can create a sense of movement

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Post-Impressionism

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Late 19th to early 20th century; Extension of Impressionism; More focus on symbolic content and formal structure

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Installation Art

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Late 20th century to present; Art involving the configuration of objects in a space; Engages the viewer in a total experience

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Constructivism

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Early 20th century; Developed in Russia after the Revolution; Combined advanced technology and engineering with an appreciation of geometric forms

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Art Deco

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1920s to 1930s; Combines modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials; Known for its geometric characters and stylized look

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Futurism

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Early 20th century; Emphasis on speed, technology, and mechanized motion; Fascination with the dynamic quality of modern life

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Surrealism

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Early to mid-20th century; Influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud; Juxtaposition of the bizarre and the illogical

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Arte Povera

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Late 1960s to 1970s; Italian movement; Use of everyday or 'poor' materials to challenge and disrupt the values of commercialized art

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Fauvism

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Early 20th century; Use of bold, non-naturalistic and exuberant colors; Simplified forms

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Pop Art

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Mid to late 20th century; Inspiration from popular and commercial culture; Utilization of images from advertising and comics

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High Renaissance

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Late 15th to early 16th century; Culmination of artistic developments of the Early Renaissance; Works exhibit balance, harmony, and perspective

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Art Brut

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Mid-20th century; Also known as 'Raw Art' or 'Outsider Art'; Created by artists without formal training, often with unconventional materials

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Dada

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Early 20th century; Reaction to World War I; Emphasis on nonsense and irrationality

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Digital Art

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Late 20th century to present; Utilizes digital technology as an essential part of the creative process; Can be interactive and multimedia based

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De Stijl

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Founded in 1917; Emphasis on abstraction and universality by reducing to the essentials of form and color; Utilization of horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors

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Impressionism

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Late 19th century; Loose brushwork and open composition; Emphasis on light and its changing qualities

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Mannerism

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16th century; Art that emphasizes artificiality and formal elegance; Distortion of elements for expressive effect

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Color Field Painting

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1950s and 1960s; A style of abstract painting; Characterized by large fields of flat, solid color, spreading across or stained into the canvas

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Baroque

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17th century to early 18th century; Emphasis on movement, detail, and deep color; Use of chiaroscuro

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Performance Art

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Late 20th century to present; Artwork consists of the artist's activities at a particular time and context; Stresses the live aspect of the work

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Street Art

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Late 20th century to present; Visual art created in public locations; Often unsanctioned and seeking to engage community

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Rococo

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Early 18th century; Ornate and decorative elements; Light-hearted and frivolous themes

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Romanticism

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Late 18th to mid-19th century; Focus on emotion and individualism; Celebration of natural world

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Expressionism

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Early 20th century; Emphasis on emotional experience over physical reality; Distorted forms for emotional effect

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Land Art

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1960s and 1970s; Art that is made directly in the landscape; Explores the relationship between nature and culture

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Bauhaus

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Founded in 1919; Aimed to unify art, craft, and technology; Functionalism and simplicity in design

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Magic Realism

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1920s to 1950s; Art that combines realistic imagery with surreal and dreamlike elements; Precise and careful technique

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Photorealism

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1960s to present; Painting and drawing with meticulous detail to resemble photographs; Emphasizes human perception and camera's viewpoint

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