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The chromosphere is a layer above the photosphere, visible during solar eclipses as a reddish glow. It's a region where spicules and solar prominences are observed, and its temperature increases with altitude, contrary to what is expected.

The corona is the Sun's outer atmosphere, which is extremely hot with temperatures ranging from 1 to 3 million Kelvin. It is visible during a total solar eclipse as a white halo and is the source of solar wind. Despite its high temperature, it has a very low density.

The radiative zone surrounds the core and is where energy produced by nuclear fusion in the core is transported outwards by photons. This layer is characterized by the radiation of energy as light, and it takes thousands of years for the energy to pass through this zone.

The core is the innermost layer of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs and releases a vast amount of energy that keeps the Sun shining brightly. The core's temperature is around 15 million Kelvin, and the pressure is immense, enabling hydrogen nuclei to fuse into helium.

In the convection zone, energy from below is transported to the surface by convection currents, which are movement of heated material. This zone creates the granular appearance on the Sun's surface due to hot plasma rising, cooling, and then sinking again.