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Civil Procedure Steps
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1. Pre-Litigation
Investigation, gathering evidence, and efforts to settle the dispute outside of court.
2. Pleadings
Formal documents filed with the court to establish each party's claims and defenses.
3. Service of Process
The formal delivery of the legal documents to the parties involved in the lawsuit.
4. Motions
Requests for the court to make a ruling or take an action prior to the trial.
5. Discovery
The pre-trial phase in which each party exchanges relevant information and gathers evidence.
6. Pre-Trial Conferences
Meetings between the judge and the attorneys to discuss case management and settlement opportunities.
7. Summary Judgment
A legal ruling by a judge, deciding a case or a specific issue in the case without a full trial.
8. Settlement
Resolution of the dispute between the parties without a trial, usually through negotiation or mediation.
9. Trial
The formal presentation of evidence before a judge (and possibly a jury) to make a decision in the case.
10. Post-Trial Motions
Requests made after the trial for the court to alter or reconsider its decision before entering the final judgment.
11. Judgment
The official decision of a court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties.
12. Appeals
The process by which a party requests a higher court to review the decision of a lower court.
13. Enforcement of Judgment
The legal processes used to ensure that the winner of the lawsuit is able to collect on the judgment awarded.
14. Alternative Dispute Resolution
The use of methods other than litigation to resolve disputes, such as arbitration and mediation.
15. Case Management
The administrative process used by courts to control the progress of cases to ensure they move to trial efficiently.
16. Filing of the Case
The formal submission of the complaint to the court to initiate legal proceedings.
17. Amended Pleadings
The modification of initial pleadings in response to new information or strategic changes.
18. Class Action Certification
The process by which a court determines whether a lawsuit can proceed as a class action.
19. Interlocutory Appeals
Appeals of certain rulings made before a final judgment in the trial court.
20. Litigation Hold
A directive to preserve documents and other evidence that may be relevant to litigation.
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