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The formal delivery of the legal documents to the parties involved in the lawsuit.

A legal ruling by a judge, deciding a case or a specific issue in the case without a full trial.

The modification of initial pleadings in response to new information or strategic changes.

Investigation, gathering evidence, and efforts to settle the dispute outside of court.

The administrative process used by courts to control the progress of cases to ensure they move to trial efficiently.

Meetings between the judge and the attorneys to discuss case management and settlement opportunities.

The process by which a party requests a higher court to review the decision of a lower court.

The formal submission of the complaint to the court to initiate legal proceedings.

The legal processes used to ensure that the winner of the lawsuit is able to collect on the judgment awarded.

Resolution of the dispute between the parties without a trial, usually through negotiation or mediation.

A directive to preserve documents and other evidence that may be relevant to litigation.

The pre-trial phase in which each party exchanges relevant information and gathers evidence.

The official decision of a court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties.

The process by which a court determines whether a lawsuit can proceed as a class action.

Appeals of certain rulings made before a final judgment in the trial court.

Requests made after the trial for the court to alter or reconsider its decision before entering the final judgment.

Formal documents filed with the court to establish each party's claims and defenses.

Requests for the court to make a ruling or take an action prior to the trial.

The formal presentation of evidence before a judge (and possibly a jury) to make a decision in the case.