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A state is recognized as having control over a territory but not full legal acceptance; temporary.

A state is recognized as the legitimate and permanent government of a territory; lawful status granted.

A policy of considering a state as recognized without an explicit declaration; automatic recognition.

Defines the legal criteria for statehood: a permanent population, a defined territory, government, and capacity to enter relations with other states.

Non-recognition of territorial acquisitions or special advantages gained by aggression.

A theory in international law that states are sovereign when recognized by other sovereign states.

States exist by virtue of their capacity to meet the criteria for statehood and not by recognition from existing states.

A process where a newly independent state comes to terms with the treaties of a predecessor state.

The transfer of state assets, historical records, and financial obligations as a result of changes of sovereignty.

The process in which a new government takes the place of the previous governing body and assumes its responsibilities and obligations.

Refusing to acknowledge the annexation or control of territories occupied by a state through use of force in violation of international law.

A principle where newly formed sovereign states assume the prior administrative borders that they held before their independence.

A situation where a non-state actor engaged in rebellion is recognized as having belligerent status without full political recognition.

A status granted to warring parties in a civil war, considering them as having rights and obligations under international law.

A legal doctrine where a sovereign state is not liable to the jurisdiction of foreign national courts.

An entity acquires international persona and the capacity to enter into relations with other states; recognition is not necessarily required.

Only entities that effectively control territories and have stable institutions are considered eligible for statehood.

A state ceases to exist and its territory and population may form one or more new states or become part of an existing state.

A global political commitment to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity; can affect recognition of states and governments.