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Legal Document Types

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Power of Attorney

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A legal document that allows an individual (the principal) to grant another person (the agent) the authority to make legal decisions on their behalf. Used in circumstances where the principal cannot be present to make decisions.

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Injunction

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A court order requiring an individual to do or cease doing a specific action. Used to prevent harm or to preserve the status quo during litigation.

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Complaint

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A legal document filed to initiate a lawsuit; states the claims against the defendant. Used in the initial stages of litigation.

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Motion

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A procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for a decision. Used to request the court to make a ruling or take some action.

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Deposition

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An out-of-court testimony given under oath by a witness in a legal proceeding. Used to gather information before trial.

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Subpoena

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A command to appear at a certain time and place to give testimony on a matter. Used in legal proceedings to compel the presence of witnesses or the production of documents.

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Deed

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A legal document that represents the transfer of property ownership. Used to convey real estate between parties.

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Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

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A non-binding agreement between parties outlining the terms and details of an understanding. Used as a precursor to a formal contract.

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Codicil

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An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one. Used to make changes to a will without rewriting the entire document.

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Indictment

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A formal accusation initiating a criminal case, presented by a grand jury and claiming that someone has committed a crime. Used in the criminal justice system.

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Will

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A legal declaration by which a person names one or more persons to manage their estate and provides for the distribution of their property at death. Used for estate planning.

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Statute

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A written law passed by a legislative body. Used as the basis for decisions in courts and to govern affairs within society.

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Contract

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A voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law. Used to outline the terms of a business agreement.

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Treaty

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A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries. Used in international law to effect peaceful relations and agreements.

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Brief

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A written argument presented to a court, explaining why one party to a case should prevail. Used in appellate courts to argue legal points.

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Petition

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A formal written request to a court for an order of the court. Used to initiate cases or request a court ruling on a matter.

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Affidavit

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A written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in court. Used to present sworn testimony in writing.

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Bail Bond

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A legal agreement that a defendant will appear for trial or pay a sum of money set by the court. Used to release defendants from custody prior to trial.

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Writ

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A formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction. Used to direct an individual or entity to perform or cease performing a specific action.

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Summons

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A document issued by the court ordering the defendant to respond to a complaint. Used in civil proceedings to notify defendants of legal action.

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Legal Notice

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A formal notification to a person or entity informing them of a legal process affecting their rights or duties. Used to inform parties of legal actions or proceedings.

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Legal Brief

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A written statement given to a court outlining the argument of one side in a case. Used to persuade the court to rule in one's favor.

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Judgment

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The final part of a court case, where the judge makes a decision which resolves the dispute. Used to provide a resolution to a legal matter.

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Legal Opinion

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A written statement by a judge or a court of the reasoning behind their decision. Used as guidance for future cases and for understanding legal reasoning.

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Amicus Curiae Brief

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A document that is filed in a court by someone who is not directly involved in the case under consideration. Used to offer information, expertise, or insight to the court.

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