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Animal Farm by George Orwell
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Napoleon
Represents Stalin and his totalitarian rule; often abuses power and manipulates others for control.
Snowball
Represents Leon Trotsky; focused on improving the farm and promoting equality before being ousted.
Boxer
Symbolizes the working class; loyal and strong, but naive and eventually betrayed by the rulers he trusts.
Squealer
Represents the propaganda machine; spreads Napoleon's lies to control and manipulate the masses.
Old Major
Inspires the revolution; symbolizes Marx/Lenin; his ideas are co-opted and corrupted by others.
Mollie
Represents the bourgeoisie and vanity; she misses her privileges and eschews hard work for material comforts.
Benjamin
Symbolizes the skeptical, disenfranchised population; he's aware of the abuse but feels powerless.
Mr. Jones
Represents the incompetent aristocracy or the Czar; his mismanagement and cruelty lead to the rebellion.
Frederick
Symbolizes Hitler; engages in deceitful negotiations and eventually betrays Animal Farm.
Pilkington
Allegory for the Western leaders; he's skeptical and eventually forms a superficial friendship with the pigs.
The Sheep
Represents blind conformity; their bleating and uncritical repetition of slogans prevent meaningful dialogue.
The Dogs
Symbolize the secret police; they are Napoleon's enforcers, instilling fear and maintaining his power.
The Hens
Illustrate those resistant to authority; their protest against egg sales leads to harsh repercussions.
The Pigeons
Represent propaganda or diplomacy; they spread the message of Animalism to other farms.
Clover
Embodies the female working class; caring and strong but is disillusioned as the revolution strays from its ideals.
Moses
Symbolizes religion; talks about Sugarcandy Mountain to placate the animals and maintain control.
Muriel
Represents the educated working class; she's literate and perceptive but doesn't act against the pigs.
Mr. Whymper
Symbolizes the opportunistic middle-men or capitalists who benefit from dealing with the totalitarian regime.
The Cat
Illustrates self-centered individuals; she's present when beneficial to her and absent during hardship.
Minimus
Represents the state artist; creates works to glorify Napoleon and the ethos of Animal Farm.
The Cows
Symbolize early adopters of the revolution; they have enthusiasm but are soon exploited.
The Windmill
Allegory for Stalin's Five Year Plans; represents grand promises that are destroyed and manipulated for power.
The Battle of the Cowshed
Represents the Russian Civil War; vital for the establishment of the farm's independence.
The Battle of the Windmill
Symbolizes WWII, particularly the Nazi invasion of Soviet Russia; a pyrrhic victory for Animal Farm.
The Knacker
Represents the betrayal of the working class; despite promises made, worker's ends are grim.
Animalism
Symbolizes Communism; intended as an egalitarian doctrine but corrupted in practice.
The Seven Commandments
Represent the original revolutionary ideals and their eventual erosion and reinterpretation.
The Farm's Name Change
Reflects the cyclical nature of power; from 'Manor Farm' to 'Animal Farm' back to 'Manor Farm'.
The Card Game
Represents the Tehran Conference; it shows developing tensions and the blurred line between pigs and humans.
The Final Commandment
Symbolizes the ultimate betrayal of revolutionary ideals; 'All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others'.
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