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Animal Farm by George Orwell
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Napoleon
Represents Stalin and his totalitarian rule; often abuses power and manipulates others for control.
Mollie
Represents the bourgeoisie and vanity; she misses her privileges and eschews hard work for material comforts.
Mr. Whymper
Symbolizes the opportunistic middle-men or capitalists who benefit from dealing with the totalitarian regime.
Mr. Jones
Represents the incompetent aristocracy or the Czar; his mismanagement and cruelty lead to the rebellion.
The Knacker
Represents the betrayal of the working class; despite promises made, worker's ends are grim.
The Hens
Illustrate those resistant to authority; their protest against egg sales leads to harsh repercussions.
The Battle of the Cowshed
Represents the Russian Civil War; vital for the establishment of the farm's independence.
Snowball
Represents Leon Trotsky; focused on improving the farm and promoting equality before being ousted.
Moses
Symbolizes religion; talks about Sugarcandy Mountain to placate the animals and maintain control.
Boxer
Symbolizes the working class; loyal and strong, but naive and eventually betrayed by the rulers he trusts.
Pilkington
Allegory for the Western leaders; he's skeptical and eventually forms a superficial friendship with the pigs.
The Seven Commandments
Represent the original revolutionary ideals and their eventual erosion and reinterpretation.
The Farm's Name Change
Reflects the cyclical nature of power; from 'Manor Farm' to 'Animal Farm' back to 'Manor Farm'.
Old Major
Inspires the revolution; symbolizes Marx/Lenin; his ideas are co-opted and corrupted by others.
Squealer
Represents the propaganda machine; spreads Napoleon's lies to control and manipulate the masses.
Benjamin
Symbolizes the skeptical, disenfranchised population; he's aware of the abuse but feels powerless.
The Sheep
Represents blind conformity; their bleating and uncritical repetition of slogans prevent meaningful dialogue.
Muriel
Represents the educated working class; she's literate and perceptive but doesn't act against the pigs.
Clover
Embodies the female working class; caring and strong but is disillusioned as the revolution strays from its ideals.
The Cat
Illustrates self-centered individuals; she's present when beneficial to her and absent during hardship.
The Battle of the Windmill
Symbolizes WWII, particularly the Nazi invasion of Soviet Russia; a pyrrhic victory for Animal Farm.
Animalism
Symbolizes Communism; intended as an egalitarian doctrine but corrupted in practice.
The Cows
Symbolize early adopters of the revolution; they have enthusiasm but are soon exploited.
The Windmill
Allegory for Stalin's Five Year Plans; represents grand promises that are destroyed and manipulated for power.
Minimus
Represents the state artist; creates works to glorify Napoleon and the ethos of Animal Farm.
The Pigeons
Represent propaganda or diplomacy; they spread the message of Animalism to other farms.
Frederick
Symbolizes Hitler; engages in deceitful negotiations and eventually betrays Animal Farm.
The Dogs
Symbolize the secret police; they are Napoleon's enforcers, instilling fear and maintaining his power.
The Card Game
Represents the Tehran Conference; it shows developing tensions and the blurred line between pigs and humans.
The Final Commandment
Symbolizes the ultimate betrayal of revolutionary ideals; 'All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others'.
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