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Complex Logarithms and Their Branches

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StarStarStarStar

z = 2e^{i\pi/6}

StarStarStarStar

Log(2e^{i\pi/6}) = ln(2) + i(\frac{\pi}{6} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -1 + i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-1 + i) = ln(\sqrt{2}) + i(\pi + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 2i

StarStarStarStar

Log(2i) = ln(2) + i(\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-i) = ln(1) + i(-\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 0

StarStarStarStar

Log(0) is undefined.

StarStarStarStar

z = -e^{i\pi/3}

StarStarStarStar

Log(-e^{i\pi/3}) = ln(1) + i(\pi + \frac{\pi}{3} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\pi

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\pi) = ln(\pi) + i(\pi + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -1

StarStarStarStar

Log(-1) = ln(1) + i(\pi + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 1 + i\sqrt{3}

StarStarStarStar

Log(1 + i\sqrt{3}) = ln(2) + i(\frac{\pi}{3} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = i

StarStarStarStar

Log(i) = ln(1) + i(\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = \frac{1}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

StarStarStarStar

Log(\frac{1}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = ln(1) + i(-\frac{2\pi}{3} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = ln(1) + i(\frac{2\pi}{3} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -1 - i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-1 - i) = ln(\sqrt{2}) + i(-\frac{3\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -3i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-3i) = ln(3) + i(-\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 3 - 4i

StarStarStarStar

Log(3 - 4i) = ln(5) + i(-0.9273 + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -2 + 2i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-2 + 2i) = ln(\sqrt{8}) + i(\frac{3\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 0.5 + i0.5

StarStarStarStar

Log(0.5 + i0.5) = ln(\sqrt{0.5}) + i(\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 1 - i

StarStarStarStar

Log(1 - i) = ln(\sqrt{2}) + i(-\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -2

StarStarStarStar

Log(-2) = ln(2) + i(\pi + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 5i

StarStarStarStar

Log(5i) = ln(5) + i(\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\frac{3}{2} - i\frac{3}{2}

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\frac{3}{2} - i\frac{3}{2}) = ln(\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}) + i(-\frac{3\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\frac{1}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\frac{1}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) = ln(1) + i(-\frac{2\pi}{3} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 1

StarStarStarStar

Log(1) = ln(1) + i(2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = e^{i\pi/4}

StarStarStarStar

Log(e^{i\pi/4}) = i(\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\sqrt{2} - i\sqrt{2}

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\sqrt{2} - i\sqrt{2}) = ln(2) + i(-\frac{3\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 8i

StarStarStarStar

Log(8i) = ln(8) + i(\frac{\pi}{2} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = \sqrt{3} - i

StarStarStarStar

Log(\sqrt{3} - i) = ln(2) + i(-\frac{\pi}{6} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = -\sqrt{3} + i

StarStarStarStar

Log(-\sqrt{3} + i) = ln(2) + i(\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

StarStarStarStar

z = 2 + 2i

StarStarStarStar

Log(2 + 2i) = ln(\sqrt{8}) + i(\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi), k \in \mathbb{Z}

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