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A random variable is a function that assigns a real number to each outcome of a random circumstance.

Two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot both occur at the same time.

Conditional probability is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.

The variance of a random variable is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of the variable.

A permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard to the order of the arrangement.

The sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes of that experiment.

The complementary events are two events where the probability of one event is equal to 1 minus the probability of the other event.

Marginal probability is the probability of a single event occurring without regard to the outcome of other events.

The standard deviation of a probability distribution is the square root of its variance.

A probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment.

The Poisson distribution is a probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space, given the average number of times the event occurs over that interval.

An event is a set containing outcomes of a probabilistic experiment that satisfies some condition.

The expected value of a random variable is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.

A continuous random variable is one that can take on any value in a range or interval.

A combination is a selection of items from a collection, such that (unlike permutations) the order of selection does not matter.

Joint probability is the probability of two events occurring simultaneously.

A discrete random variable is one that can take on only a countable number of distinct values such as 0, 1, 2, ...

Two events are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the other.

The law of total probability states that the total probability of an outcome can be found by considering all possible ways that the outcome can occur.