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Musical Terms

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Presto

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Very fast tempo. Usage: 'The presto passage requires dexterous fingerwork.'

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Forte

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Loud dynamic level. Usage: 'The passage is marked forte for emphasis.'

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Grave

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Slow and solemn tempo. Usage: 'The grave introduction sets a serious tone for the symphony.'

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Lento

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Slow tempo. Usage: 'The lento movement provides a contrast to the piece's otherwise brisk pace.'

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Dal Segno

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From the sign. Usage: 'Once you reach the fine, go back to the dal segno mark.'

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Tranquillo

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Calm, tranquil. Usage: 'This section should be played tranquillo to soothe the listener.'

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Allegro

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Fast, cheerful tempo. Usage: 'The first movement of the symphony is marked allegro.'

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Decrescendo

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A gradual decrease in volume. Usage: 'The decrescendo signifies the end of the phrase.'

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Legato

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Smooth and connected style of play. Usage: 'The legato technique on the violin creates a flowing melody.'

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Staccato

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Detached or separated style of play. Usage: 'Play the notes staccato for a lighter texture.'

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Subito

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Suddenly. Usage: 'The subito pianissimo creates an unexpected contrast in the music.'

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Mezzo Piano

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Moderately soft dynamic level. Usage: 'The flutes enter with a mezzo piano dynamic, creating a subtle layer.'

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Fermata

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A hold or pause on a note or rest. Usage: 'The fermata indicates that this note should be held longer.'

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Andante

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At a walking pace tempo. Usage: 'The second movement is in andante tempo.'

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Ritardando

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Gradual slowing down of tempo. Usage: 'The ritardando here emphasizes the end of the section.'

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Vivace

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Lively and fast tempo. Usage: 'The finale is marked vivace for a spirited ending.'

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Mezzo Forte

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Moderately loud dynamic level. Usage: 'The strings come in mezzo forte, adding warmth to the melody.'

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Giocoso

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Jocular, playful. Usage: 'The giocoso character here should bring out the music's humor.'

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Sostenuto

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Sustained, lengthened. Usage: 'Play the chord sostenuto to let each note ring out.'

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Fine

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The end. Usage: 'The music concludes after the repeat, at the word fine.'

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Pianissimo

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Very soft dynamic level. Usage: 'The pianissimo passage requires careful control of the bow.'

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Piano

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Soft dynamic level. Usage: 'The soloist enters with a gentle piano melody.'

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Moderato

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Moderate tempo. Usage: 'Begin the piece with a steady moderato rhythm.'

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Fortissimo

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Very loud dynamic level. Usage: 'During the climax, the orchestra plays fortissimo.'

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Accelerando

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Gradually speeding up the tempo. Usage: 'The accelerando builds up excitement leading to the finale.'

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Con Moto

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With motion. Usage: 'The allegro con moto section should feel energetic and lively.'

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Da Capo

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From the beginning. Usage: 'After the final chorus, return to the da capo section.'

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Adagio

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Slow and stately tempo. Usage: 'The adagio section gives a moment of rest in the piece.'

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Crescendo

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A gradual increase in volume. Usage: 'The music builds excitement through a crescendo.'

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Alla Marcia

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In the style of a march. Usage: 'The piece transitions into an alla marcia rhythm, signaling a change of pace.'

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