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Basic Music Theory for Musical Theater

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Minor Scale

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A diatonic scale of seven notes with a pattern of whole and half steps that differs from major scales, generally having a darker or sadder sound.

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Triad

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A three-note chord consisting of a root, a third, and a fifth.

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Interval

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The distance between two musical notes.

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Chord

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A set of notes played together simultaneously, usually consisting of a root note and various intervals.

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Clef

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A symbol placed at the left-hand end of a staff, indicating the pitch of the notes written on it.

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Major Scale

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A diatonic scale of seven notes that has a pattern of whole and half steps as follows: W-W-H-W-W-W-H (W=whole step, H=half step).

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Staff

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A set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that represent different musical pitches.

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Tempo

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The speed at which a piece of music is played.

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Time Signature

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A symbolic marker in staff notation to denote how many beats are in each measure and which note value gets one beat.

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Key Signature

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A set of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff, indicating the key of the piece of music.

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Half note

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A note value representing two beats in common time (4/4).

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Eighth note

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A note value representing one-half of a beat in common time (4/4).

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Dynamics

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Notations in music that indicate how loudly or softly a piece should be played or sung.

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Measure

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A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats in which each beat is represented by a particular note value.

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Slur

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A curved line that connects two or more different notes, indicating that they should be played legato, or smoothly and without separation.

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Whole note

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A note value representing four beats in common time (4/4) or the entire measure in quadruple meter.

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Dot

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A notation symbol placed after a note or rest that increases its duration by half of its original value.

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Rest

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A symbol denoting a period of silence in a piece of music.

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Tie

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A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, indicating that they should be played as a single note with a duration equal to the sum of the individual notes' values.

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Quarter note

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A note value representing one beat in common time (4/4).

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