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Basic Music Theory for Musical Theater
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Minor Scale
A diatonic scale of seven notes with a pattern of whole and half steps that differs from major scales, generally having a darker or sadder sound.
Triad
A three-note chord consisting of a root, a third, and a fifth.
Interval
The distance between two musical notes.
Chord
A set of notes played together simultaneously, usually consisting of a root note and various intervals.
Clef
A symbol placed at the left-hand end of a staff, indicating the pitch of the notes written on it.
Major Scale
A diatonic scale of seven notes that has a pattern of whole and half steps as follows: W-W-H-W-W-W-H (W=whole step, H=half step).
Staff
A set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that represent different musical pitches.
Tempo
The speed at which a piece of music is played.
Time Signature
A symbolic marker in staff notation to denote how many beats are in each measure and which note value gets one beat.
Key Signature
A set of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff, indicating the key of the piece of music.
Half note
A note value representing two beats in common time (4/4).
Eighth note
A note value representing one-half of a beat in common time (4/4).
Dynamics
Notations in music that indicate how loudly or softly a piece should be played or sung.
Measure
A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats in which each beat is represented by a particular note value.
Slur
A curved line that connects two or more different notes, indicating that they should be played legato, or smoothly and without separation.
Whole note
A note value representing four beats in common time (4/4) or the entire measure in quadruple meter.
Dot
A notation symbol placed after a note or rest that increases its duration by half of its original value.
Rest
A symbol denoting a period of silence in a piece of music.
Tie
A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, indicating that they should be played as a single note with a duration equal to the sum of the individual notes' values.
Quarter note
A note value representing one beat in common time (4/4).
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