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Tap Dance Terminology

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Ball change

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A quick transfer of weight from one foot to another.

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Pullback

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A step that creates sound when the dancer hops and scrapes both feet backward.

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Maxie Ford

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A tap step named after the vaudeville performer that includes a leap from one foot to the other with a shuffle in the middle.

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Jazz square

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A four-step move that creates a square pattern on the floor typically used in jazz and tap dancing.

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Pickup

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A hop on one foot while the other foot executes a brush and a step.

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Spank

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A backward brush of the ball tap of the shoe against the floor.

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Toe tap

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Striking the floor with the tip of the tap shoe without weight transfer.

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Time step

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A rhythmic pattern repeated several times as a part of tap choreography.

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Riff

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A brush forward (with a closing tap) combined with a heel drop.

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Buffalo

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A combination of steps that includes a leap, shuffle, and a step.

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Over-the-top

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A leap where the dancer jumps from one foot to the other, making a half turn in the air.

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Brush

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A sweeping movement where the ball tap of the shoe strikes the floor to create a sound.

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Single wing

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A variation of the wing step executed with one foot.

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Shuffle

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A basic tap step consisting of a brush forward and a brush back.

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Double step

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A movement where the dancer steps twice quickly on the same foot.

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Essence

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A complex tap step that combines several tap movements into a smooth, flowing pattern.

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Soft shoe

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A style of tap dance performed in soft shoes without taps, emphasizing graceful and smooth movements.

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Wing

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A step where the dancer swings one foot out to the side, brushes the floor, and brings the foot back in.

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Dig

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Placing the heel on the floor with weight.

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Triple step

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A three-beat step usually consisting of three quick steps in a row.

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Hoofer

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A term for a professional tap dancer, someone who 'hoofs' or makes their living by dancing.

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Cramproll

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A tap step where the dancer uses a combination of toe and heel drops to produce a distinct sound pattern.

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Double toe

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Striking the floor twice with the toe of the tap shoe, without transferring weight.

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Bojangles

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A rhythm tap step named after the famous tap dancer Bill 'Bojangles' Robinson.

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Time step

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A repeated rhythm tap pattern that sets the tempo or serves as a break in the routine.

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Step

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A basic movement of placing the ball of the foot on the floor with weight transfer.

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Cramp roll

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A four-sound step that involves alternating toe and heel drops in a specific sequence.

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Waltz clog

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A tap step with a rhythm that fits the 3/4 time of a waltz.

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Stamp

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A step that places the entire foot on the floor with weight.

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Double heel

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A step in which the dancer drops the heel twice in succession on the same foot.

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Buck and wing

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A tap dancing style known for fast and intricate steps, typically including elements of the 'buck' step.

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Cake walk

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A strutting dance originally performed by African Americans during slave times, known for its elegant and exaggerated movements.

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Waltz

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A step performed in a 3/4 time signature, often incorporated into tap routines requiring smooth, flowing movements.

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Irish

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A step pattern of shuffle, hop, and a step.

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Double shuffle

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A complex step involving two shuffles in a row on the same foot.

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Single buffalo

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A variation of the buffalo tap step including a leap, shuffle, and step once.

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Tap break

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An improvised or composed solo within a tap number allowing the dancer to showcase their skills.

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Slap

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A brush with a downward tap, hitting the floor with the ball of the foot.

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Stomp

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A step that places the entire foot on the floor without weight transfer.

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Toe stand

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A stance on the tips of the tap shoes, with heels elevated off the floor.

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Scissor step

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A step that involves a crossing and uncrossing movement of the legs.

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Chug

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A forward movement with a sliding motion, usually performed with the heels digging into the floor.

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Buck

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A dance move that involves kicking the leg out straight and then 'bucking' it back.

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Chorus line

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A group of dancers performing synchronized routines, often featured in musicals.

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Paddle and roll

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A combative motion involving the alternation of heel and toe taps, creating a rolling sound.

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Flap

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A step that consists of a brush and a step on the same foot.

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Scuffle

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A brush forward followed by a spank (brush back).

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Heel drop

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The action of dropping the heel to make a sound, usually following a toe or ball touch.

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Trench

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A low to the ground movement with a dragging motion of the feet.

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Triple shuffle

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Three consecutive shuffles done on the same foot.

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Fallback

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A tap dance move where the dancer falls backward, typically onto a toe tap.

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