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Marine Ecosystems
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Kelp Forests
Underwater areas dominated by kelp, which are large brown algae. Examples: sea otters, garibaldi, sea urchins.
Deep Sea Vents
Hot springs on the ocean floor that emit mineral-rich water. Examples: tube worms, vent crabs, thermophilic bacteria.
Intertidal Zone
Area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide. Examples: sea stars, barnacles, anemones.
Coral Reefs
Diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Examples: clownfish, butterflyfish, parrotfish.
Open Ocean
Vast areas of saltwater that cover over 70% of the Earth's surface. Examples: blue whales, phytoplankton, flying fish.
Salt Marshes
Coastal ecosystems in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water. Examples: cordgrass, blue crabs, fiddler crabs.
Mangrove Forests
Coastal wetlands found in tropical and subtropical regions, characterized by salt-tolerant trees. Examples: mangrove trees, crabs, mudskippers.
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