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A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes and acts as a control center.

An interconnected network of tubules and vesicles that modify proteins and synthesize lipids.

The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Short hair-like structures that cover the cell surface and have a role in cell locomotion and fluid movement across cells.

A stack of thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast that contains chlorophyll where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur.

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information.

A double membrane-bound organelle involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles via lysosomes.

An organelle containing digestive enzymes which break down waste materials and cellular debris.

A small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

A double lipid bilayer that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface, involved in protein modification.

A specialized intercellular connection between animal cells that directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells.

A collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support.

A rigid layer lying outside the plasma membrane of plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria.

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.

Channels between adjacent plant cells that enable communication and transport between them.

A type of junction between cells in which adjacent cell membranes are tightly pressed against each other, forming a continuous seal around the cells.

An organelle responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.

A molecule that synthesizes proteins in the cell.

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.

The site within the nucleus of a cell that produces ribosomes.

A large vacuole found inside of plant cells that stores water and maintains turgor pressure.

Projections that increase the cell's surface area for absorption, particularly in the small intestine.

A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

A structure by which two adjacent cells are attached, formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments.

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated, too.

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for delivery.

A cylindrical cell structure composed mainly of a protein called tubulin that is found in most eukaryotic cells.

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free from ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of lipids.

A thin, flexible barrier around the cell which controls the movement of substances in and out.