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Types of Vaults in Architecture

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Annenberg Vault

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The Annenberg vault is a modern type of vault that uses computer design and fabrication techniques to create complex, non-repetitive structures. Example: The roof of the Annenberg Courtyard at the Royal Academy of Arts, London.

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Quadripartite Vault

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A quadripartite vault is a type of rib vault which is divided into four sections by two diagonal ribs. Example: The Choir of Beauvais Cathedral in France.

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Groin Vault

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A groin vault is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The resulting four-sided vault has a complex and visually striking groin or edge. Example: The Gothic vaults of the Saint-Denis Basilica near Paris, France.

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Cross Vault

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A cross vault is simply another term for a groin vault, specifically highlighting its shape formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults. Example: The crypt of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence, Italy.

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Stellar Vault

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A stellar vault is a style of vault used in the late Gothic period that features a star-like pattern created by the ribs of the vault. Example: The Chapel of the Constable, Burgos Cathedral, Spain.

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Panel Vault

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A panel vault is a vault where the surface is divided into panels or coffers, often decorative in nature. Example: The coffered ceiling of the Palace of Charles V in Granada, Spain.

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Philibert Delorme Vault

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The Philibert Delorme vault, named after its inventor, uses a framework of ribs and lightweight, infilling tiles. A cost-effective method of construction. Example: The Château d'Anet's ceiling in France.

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Dome Vault

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A dome vault is a rounded vault resting on walls or columns, covering a circular or polygonal area. Example: The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

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Catalan Vault

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A Catalan vault, also known as a timbrel vault, consists of a layered structure of thin bricks or tiles, held together by a fast-setting mortar. Example: Casa Milà (La Pedrera) by Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona, Spain.

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Sexpartite Vault

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A sexpartite vault is a rib vault divided by ribs into six compartments. It is an evolution of the quadripartite vault. Example: The Nave of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France.

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Lierne Vault

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A lierne vault is a variant of tierceron vault with additional non-structural ribs (liernes) for decoration. Example: The nave ceiling of Norwich Cathedral in England.

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Cloister Vault

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A cloister vault is a variant of a barrel vault in which each bay is composed of a concentric set of vaults at different heights. Example: The vaulting of Mont Saint-Michel Abbey in France.

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Tierceron Vault

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A tierceron vault is a decorative and complex Gothic vault featuring secondary ribs known as tiercerons. Example: The vaults of King's College Chapel in Cambridge, England.

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Helical Vault

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A helical vault is one where the ribs follow a helical path, rather than radiating in a straight line. Example: The spiral stairs of the exit of the Vatican Museums, designed by Giuseppe Momo.

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Pavilion Vault

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A pavilion vault is designed to cover square spaces rather than rectangular ones, with the vaulting centrally supported without the need for continuous walls. Example: The Pavilion of the Reservoir in the Alcazar of Seville, Spain.

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Rib Vault

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A rib vault is a vault in which diagonal arches form rib-like patterns. These ribs support a web of masonry between them. Example: The Nave of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France.

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Net Vault

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A net vault is characterized by a framework of ribs that create a pattern resembling a net or a web. Example: The Lady Chapel in the Cathedral of Exeter, England.

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Barrel Vault

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A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is a continuous arch extended in depth, forming a semicircular ceiling or roof. Example: The Romanesque nave of the Basilica of Saint Sernin in Toulouse, France.

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Pitched Brick Vault

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A pitched brick vault is created by tilting bricks at an angle, allowing the vault to span over wider spaces than traditional flat brick laying. Example: Warehouse of Ricard in Bordeaux, France by architects Lacaton & Vassal.

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Fan Vault

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A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. Example: The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral in England.

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