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Banking Regulations

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Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

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Enhanced financial regulations in the U.S. after the 2008 crisis to increase oversight and prevent excessive risk-taking by financial institutions.

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Glass-Steagall Act

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This 1933 Act separated commercial banking from investment banking, introduced as part of the New Deal to restore stability to the banking system.

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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

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Repealed parts of the Glass-Steagall Act, allowing commercial banks, investment banks, securities firms, and insurance companies to consolidate.

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Basel Accords

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A set of international banking regulations developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to control risk and improve financial stability.

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)

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U.S. law passed in 2002 to protect investors from fraudulent accounting activities by corporations, including stringent rules for auditing and financial disclosures.

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Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)

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U.S. legislation aimed at preventing money laundering and requiring banks to keep records and report certain transactions to the government.

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Patriot Act

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Enhanced the Bank Secrecy Act to increase surveillance and monitoring in the financial sector to combat terrorism funding post-9/11.

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Financial Services Modernization Act

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Another name for the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act to allow mergers between banks, insurance companies, and securities firms.

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Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

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Authorized the U.S. Treasury to spend up to 700billiontopurchasedistressedassets,especiallymortgagebackedsecurities,andsupplycashdirectlytobanksduringthefinancialcrisis.700 billion to purchase distressed assets, especially mortgage-backed securities, and supply cash directly to banks during the financial crisis.

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Volcker Rule

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A part of the Dodd-Frank Act that restricts the ways banks can invest, prohibiting proprietary trading and limiting speculation.

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Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)

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A regulatory agency charged with overseeing financial products and services that are offered to consumers, created by the Dodd-Frank Act.

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA)

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Strengthened FDIC authority in insuring deposits, managing receiverships, and requiring capital standards for insured banks following the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s.

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Truth in Lending Act (TILA)

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U.S. federal law designed to promote the informed use of consumer credit by requiring disclosures about its terms and cost.

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Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

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Promotes accuracy, fairness, and privacy of information in the files of consumer reporting agencies.

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Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)

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Encourages commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.

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Payment Services Directive (PSD2)

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European Union directive which regulates payment services and payment service providers throughout the European Union and European Economic Area.

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Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD)

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European Union directives that provide a framework for AML and counter-terrorist financing measures within the EU financial system.

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Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)

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Also known as Regulation E, it protects consumers engaging in electronic transfers, including ATM transactions, direct deposits, and debit card payments.

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Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA)

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Requires financial institutions to maintain and annually disclose data about home purchases, home purchase preapprovals, home improvement loans, and refinance loans in order to help identify possible discriminatory lending patterns.

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Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

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U.S. federal law that requires U.S. persons, including those living outside the U.S., to report their financial accounts held outside of the U.S., and requires foreign financial institutions to report to the Internal Revenue Service about their U.S. clients.

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