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Central Banks and Their Roles
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Federal Reserve System (the Fed)
Country: United States Primary Functions: - Managing inflation through monetary policy - Supervising and regulating banks - Maintaining financial stability
European Central Bank (ECB)
Country: Eurozone Primary Functions: - Maintaining price stability - Managing the euro - Conducting foreign exchange operations
Bank of England (BoE)
Country: United Kingdom Primary Functions: - Setting monetary policy - Issuing banknotes - Financial stability
Bank of Japan (BoJ)
Country: Japan Primary Functions: - Pursuing price stability - Ensuring the stability of the financial system - Providing settlement services and ensuring the stability of the payment systems
People’s Bank of China (PBoC)
Country: China Primary Functions: - Conducting monetary policy - Regulating financial institutions - Maintaining financial stability and preventing systemic risk
Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)
Country: Australia Primary Functions: - Setting monetary policy - Maintaining a strong financial system - Issuing currency
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Country: India Primary Functions: - Managing currency - Supervising the financial sector - Regulating the issue of bank notes
Banco Central do Brasil
Country: Brazil Primary Functions: - Ensuring the stability of the buying power of the currency - Fostering a solid and efficient financial system - Implementing monetary policy
Swiss National Bank (SNB)
Country: Switzerland Primary Functions: - Managing Switzerland’s foreign exchange reserves - Ensuring price stability - Issuing Swiss franc banknotes
Bank of Canada (BoC)
Country: Canada Primary Functions: - Designing and implementing monetary policy - Issuing currency - Being the fiscal agent for the Government of Canada
Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ)
Country: New Zealand Primary Functions: - Operating monetary policy to maintain price stability - Issuing currency - Regulating and supervising the banking system
Central Bank of Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)
Country: Russia Primary Functions: - Protecting and ensuring the ruble’s stability - Supervising financial markets and financial institutions - Implementing monetary policy
South African Reserve Bank (SARB)
Country: South Africa Primary Functions: - Managing the value of the country’s currency - Acting as the custodian of the gold and foreign exchange reserves - Serving as the banker to the government
Bank of Korea (BOK)
Country: South Korea Primary Functions: - Conducting monetary policy - Promoting price stability - Issuing banknotes and coins
Banque de France
Country: France Primary Functions: - Implementing the monetary policy in France - Ensuring the stability of the financial system - Providing services to households, businesses, and the French state
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