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Algorithm Complexity
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Average-Case Complexity
Average-case complexity is the expected time or space taken by an algorithm, averaged over all possible inputs. To calculate it, one must assume a probability distribution of all inputs and average out the complexities. However, this is often complex to compute and requires a good understanding of probabilistic analysis and the possible inputs to an algorithm.
Time Complexity
Time complexity is a measure of the amount of time an algorithm takes to complete as a function of the length of the input. It is typically expressed using Big O notation, which provides an upper bound on the time requirements. To calculate it, identify the basic operations and their counts, and express as where represents the dominant growing part of the operations count.
Best-Case Complexity
Best-case complexity defines the minimum time or memory an algorithm requires and is typically denoted as big Omega (). It is the complexity in the most favorable scenario. To calculate it, consider the scenario where the algorithm performs the minimum number of operations.
Worst-Case Complexity
Worst-case complexity describes the maximum amount of time or space that an algorithm could potentially take, and is often given by big O notation (). This gives the upper limit of performance and is calculated by assuming the scenario that causes the algorithm to perform the maximum number of operations.
Space Complexity
Space complexity refers to the amount of memory an algorithm needs to run to completion as a function of the input size. It includes both the auxiliary space and the input size. To calculate it, tally up the memory needed for variables, data structures, function calls, etc., and denote as , with being the most significant memory requirement.
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