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Computer Vision Fundamental Concepts

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Object Recognition

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The task of identifying and classifying various objects within an image into predefined categories.

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Feature Detection

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The process of identifying and locating key characteristics in an image, such as edges, corners, or blobs, useful for understanding the content of the image.

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Optical Flow

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The pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer and the scene.

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Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)

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A feature descriptor used for object detection in computer vision. It counts occurrences of gradient orientation in localized portions of an image.

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Pixel

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The smallest addressable element in an image, representing the color and intensity at a specific point.

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Color Space

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A specific organization of colors that helps in image processing tasks to process colors in a way that makes them more understandable to humans or machines.

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Semantic Segmentation

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The process of partitioning an image into parts and assigning a label to each part, where the label corresponds to a class of objects.

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Image Classification

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The task of categorizing and labeling an image as belonging to a particular class from a predefined set.

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Image Segmentation

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The process of dividing an image into different regions or segments to simplify or change its representation for easier analysis.

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Depth Perception

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The ability of a vision system to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object from the camera.

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Edge Detection

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A technique to locate the edges of objects within images, crucial for object recognition, segmentation, and tracking.

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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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A deep learning architecture especially effective for processing data with a grid-like topology, such as images for tasks including image classification and recognition.

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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in CV

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A statistical technique used in computer vision to reduce the dimensionality of image data by transforming to a new set of variables (principal components) that are uncorrelated.

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Super-Resolution

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The process of increasing the resolution of an image by using algorithms to predict high-resolution details from low-resolution images.

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Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)

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An algorithm in computer vision to detect and describe local features in images for tasks such as object recognition or matching.

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