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Historical Climate Change Events

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Younger Dryas

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A return to glacial conditions which temporarily reversed the gradual climatic warming after the Last Glacial Maximum. Time Period: approximately 12,900 to 11,700 years ago.

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Mid-Pleistocene Transition

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A shift in Earth's climate regime from a 41,000-year to a 100,000-year glacial-interglacial periodicity. Time Period: about 1.25 million to 700,000 years ago.

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Holocene Climatic Optimum

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A warm period during the mid-Holocene when global temperatures were slightly warmer than today. Time Period: 9,000 to 5,000 years ago.

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Last Glacial Maximum

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A period during the last ice age when ice sheets were at their greatest extent. Time Period: approximately 26,500 years ago.

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Pliocene warmth

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A period of Earth's history when temperatures were warmer than today and the Arctic was forested. Time Period: around 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago.

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8.2 kiloyear event

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A sudden decrease in global temperatures that occurred approximately 8,200 years before the present, likely caused by a massive discharge of freshwater. Time Period: approximately 8,200 years ago.

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Permian-Triassic Extinction Event

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The Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct. Time Period: about 252 million years ago.

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Medieval Warm Period

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A time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that may have been connected to other warming events around the globe. Time Period: A.D. 950 to A.D. 1250.

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Holocene extinction

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The ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly due to human activity. Time Period: roughly 10,000 years ago to present.

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Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse

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A climate change event that resulted in the large-scale collapse of rainforests during the Carboniferous period. Time Period: approximately 305 million years ago.

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End-Ordovician Mass Extinction

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A global cooling event causing the third-largest extinction in Earth's history, impacting marine life significantly. Time Period: approximately 445 million years ago.

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Little Ice Age

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A period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period. Time Period: approximately A.D. 1300 to A.D. 1850.

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