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Bioremediation uses living organisms, typically microbes, to clean up soil, air, and water contaminated with hazardous compounds. Benefits include the restoration of the natural environment, non-intrusive method of cleansing ecosystems, and it can be more cost-effective than other remediation options.

Composting is a biological process that breaks down organic waste like food scraps and yard waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. Benefits include waste volume reduction, soil health improvement, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills.

PAYT is a system where users pay a fee based on the amount of waste they dispose of, incentivizing waste reduction. Benefits include reduced waste production, increased recycling rates, and encouragement of consumers to be more waste-conscious.

Landfilling is the disposal of waste by burial, which is the oldest form of waste treatment. Benefits include containment of waste products, potential energy capture in the form of landfill gas, and eventual land reclamation opportunities.

MRFs are specialized plants that separate and prepare recyclable materials for end-user manufacturers. Benefits include improved efficiency in recycling programs, job creation, and reduction in the use of virgin materials.

Incineration is the combustion of organic material and waste with energy recovery. Benefits include reduction in waste volume, decrease in landfill use, and generation of heat and power that can be used for electricity production.

Zero waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused, with no trash sent to landfills or incinerators. Benefits include conservation of resources, reduction of pollution, and a push towards sustainable products.

Source reduction, also known as waste prevention, is the elimination of waste before it is created. Benefits include reduced environmental impact, conservation of resources, and cost savings through less consumption and waste management.

E-Waste recycling refers to the proper disposal and recycling of electronics. Benefits include the recovery of valuable materials, prevention of hazardous waste in landfills, and reduction of environmental contamination.

Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. Benefits include the production of biogas (a renewable energy source), nutrient-rich digestate that can be used as fertilizer, and diversion of waste from landfills.

Recycling involves collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products. Benefits include reducing the consumption of fresh raw materials, energy usage, air and water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.