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Time Period: Late Middle Ages (12th to 16th centuries) Characteristics: Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.

Time Period: 11th to 12th centuries Characteristics: Rounded arches, thick walls, small windows, and barrel vaults.

Time Period: 17th to mid-18th centuries Characteristics: Grandeur, opulent use of ornaments, bold massing of shapes, and dramatic contrasts.

Time Period: 14th to 17th centuries Characteristics: Symmetry, proportion, geometry, and a respect for the classical orders of architecture.

Time Period: 4th to 15th centuries Characteristics: Central dome, an abundance of mosaics, and an overall sense of monumental grandeur.

Time Period: Mid-18th to early 19th centuries Characteristics: Simplicity, elegance, symmetry, and the use of classical Greek and Roman elements.

Time Period: 19th century Characteristics: Eclecticism, ornamentation, steep roofs, and bright colors.

Time Period: Late 19th to early 20th centuries Characteristics: Curved lines, asymmetrical compositions, and elaborate use of natural forms.

Time Period: Late 19th century to the present Characteristics: Function over form, minimalism, absence of ornament, and use of modern materials.

Time Period: 1600s to mid-19th century Characteristics: Adapted European architectural styles to American colonial conditions.

Time Period: Late 19th and early 20th centuries Characteristics: Grandiose design, symmetry, classical details, and elaborate decoration.

Time Period: 1920s to 1930s Characteristics: Bold geometric shapes, rich colors, and lavish ornamentation.

Time Period: 1919 to 1933 Characteristics: Streamlined design, lack of ornamentation, functionalism, and the use of industrial materials.

Time Period: 1950s to mid-1970s Characteristics: Exposed concrete, heavy forms, and a focus on raw materiality.

Time Period: 1920s to 1950s Characteristics: Emphasis on volume over mass, use of lightweight materials, and a rejection of ornament.

Time Period: Mid-16th century Characteristics: Based on the symmetry and values of the temples and buildings of ancient Rome.

Time Period: 1920s to early 1930s Characteristics: An avant-garde movement that emerged from post-revolutionary Russia, with a focus on social purpose, structural innovation, and the use of modern industrial materials.

Time Period: 1970s to 1980s Characteristics: Celebration of industrial aesthetics, use of high-tech materials and technology, and transparency in structure.

Time Period: 1980s to the present Characteristics: Nonlinear design process, fragmentation, and an interest in manipulating a structure's surface.

Time Period: 1930s to 1940s Characteristics: Nautical elements, smooth curving forms, horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical features.

Time Period: Antiquity Characteristics: Columns, symmetry, perspective, and the use of marble and other high-quality stone.

Time Period: 1945 to 1965 Characteristics: Integration with nature, clean lines, and use of glass, steel, and wood.

Time Period: Various revivals, most notably early 19th century Characteristics: Massive columns, pyramidal forms, and the use of Egyptian ornamentation.

Time Period: 1960s to 1990s Characteristics: Diversity, complexity, and playful forms that break the rules of traditional modernist architecture.

Time Period: Early 20th century Characteristics: Distortion of form for an emotional effect, craftsmanship, and the use of innovative materials.

Time Period: Late 20th century to the present Characteristics: Eco-friendly materials and construction techniques, energy efficiency, and a consideration of the environment.

Time Period: Early 18th century Characteristics: Ornate, asymmetrical decoration, curved forms, and pastel colors aiming for an intimate and delicate allure.

Time Period: 12th to 17th centuries Characteristics: A mix of Christian and Islamic elements, with intricate stucco work, brickwork, and the use of tiles.

Time Period: Early 20th century Characteristics: Emphasis on speed, technology, and dynamic forms, often with an aggressive approach to design.