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They were powerful patrons of the arts and humanism, significantly contributing to the flourishing of the Renaissance in Florence.

Johannes Gutenberg's invention around 1440 revolutionized the spread of knowledge and literacy, enabling the wider dissemination of Renaissance ideas.

A quintessential Renaissance man who made significant contributions to art, science, and technology.

A highly influential Renaissance artist, famous for his sculptures like 'David' and the Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings.

This event symbolized the end of the High Renaissance and provoked a crisis in the arts, with a shift towards Mannerism.

An intellectual movement which focused on human potential and achievements, emphasizing classical learning and values.

A fresco by Raphael, it represents the apotheosis of Renaissance Humanism, showcasing a gathering of the great thinkers and scientists of ancient Greece.

Although later in the timeline, his work is often seen as part of the Renaissance's scientific awakening, and he laid significant groundwork for the Scientific Revolution.

Known as the 'Father of Humanism', his works revived interest in classical texts and encouraged the study of ancient Greek and Roman culture.

Although predating the Renaissance, this pandemic decimated Europe's population, leading to social and economic changes that set the groundwork for the Renaissance.

Known for his political treatise 'The Prince', which offers advice on the cunning and ruthless exercise of power, reflective of the pragmatic politics of Renaissance city-states.

A German painter, printmaker, and theorist who is regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance.

An architect and engineer who is known for developing linear perspective and building the dome of the Florence Cathedral, which exemplified Renaissance ideals of symmetry and proportion.

His paintings are prime examples of Florentine art during the Early Renaissance, particularly noted for 'The Birth of Venus' and 'Primavera'.

With centers like Flanders, this movement featured a more detailed focus on realism and everyday subjects, responding to the ideas coming from Italy but with its own regional characteristics.

This 1454 treaty established a balance of power among the Italian city-states, leading to a period of relative peace that was conducive to the flourishing of the Renaissance.

This concept describes an individual who excels in a variety of fields or subjects, embodying the humanist ideal that humans are limitless in their capacity for development.

An Italian painter and architect, his work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition, and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.

He was an early Renaissance sculptor known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture that became popular during the period.