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Historical Cultural Movements

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Renaissance

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14th-17th Century, Revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models.

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Romanticism

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Late 18th century to mid-19th century, Emphasized emotion and individualism, as well as glorification of the past and nature.

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Baroque

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Early 17th to mid-18th century, Style known for exaggerated motion and clear detail used to produce drama, tension, exuberance.

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Gothic

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12th-16th Century, Style of architecture and art characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

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Victorian Era

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1837-1901, Period of Queen Victoria's reign, marked by industrial progress, colonial expansion, and strict social codes.

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Impressionism

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1860s-1890s, Art movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing.

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Modernism

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Late 19th century to 20th century, Movement reflecting a loss of faith in traditional values and belief systems and a search for new forms of expression.

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Enlightenment

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18th century, Intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe.

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Rococo

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Early 18th century, A style of art, especially architecture and decorative art, that originated in France which is characterized by elaborate ornamentation, asymmetrical values, and pastel color palette.

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Surrealism

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1920s-1950s, Movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind.

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Cubism

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Early 20th century, Artistic movement that abandoned perspective drawing and displayed many aspects of objects simultaneously.

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Abstract Expressionism

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1940s-1950s, Post-World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.

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Art Nouveau

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1890-1910, An international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts.

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Art Deco

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1920s-1940s, A popular design style of the 1920s and 1930s characterized especially by bold outlines, geometric and zigzag forms.

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Harlem Renaissance

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1920s-1930s, African American cultural movement in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, celebrated black traditions, voice, and ways of life.

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Neo-Classicism

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Mid-18th to early 19th century, Revival of classical antiquity in European art and architecture.

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Byzantine

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4th to 15th century, The art, territory, history, and culture of the Eastern Christian Byzantine Empire.

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Bauhaus

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1919-1933, German art school operational that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.

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Dada

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1916-1924, Avant-garde movement that rejected logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest.

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Fauvism

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Early 20th century, Art movement led by Henri Matisse, characterized by bold, often distorting forms and vivid color.

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Realism

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Mid-19th century, Movement in art and literature that rejected romanticism and sought to portray everyday life and the working class as it actually was.

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Futurism

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Early 20th century, An artistic and social movement that originated in Italy that emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.

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Constructivism

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1913 onwards, An artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin.

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Pop Art

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1950s-1960s, Art movement that challenged traditional fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture.

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De Stijl

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1917-1931, Dutch 'The Style', also known as Neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement advocating pure abstraction and simplicity: form reduced to the essentials of geometric forms and primary colors.

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