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Unjust Enrichment and Restitution
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Person A accidentally receives and uses Person B's expensive gym membership card.
Person A may be liable for unjust enrichment as they've received a service without payment, resulting in a potential restitution claim from Person B to recoup the benefits.
Landscaper mistakenly improves the wrong property, increasing its market value.
The property owner may have to provide restitution for the increase in value due to the unjust enrichment from the landscaping services they did not pay for.
A hospital patient is not billed for a costly procedure due to administrative oversight.
The hospital might seek restitution for the procedure's cost due to unjust enrichment if the patient knowingly avoids payment.
A customer accidentally receives a product upgrade at no extra charge due to a cashier's error.
The customer could face a restitution claim for the value of the upgrade received without payment, as it constitutes unjust enrichment.
During a house-sitting, a person uses exclusive amenities that were off-limits according to the agreement.
The homeowner may seek restitution for unjust enrichment if the house sitter disregarded agreement terms for amenity use and derived benefit without consent.
A person finds a valuable artifact on another's property and secretly sells it.
Unjust enrichment may occur if someone exploits found property without the owner's consent, thus they might face a restitution claim to recover the proceeds.
An artist's work is copied and sold without consent, and the copier profits.
Copyist may owe restitution to the original artist for unjust enrichment obtained by selling copies of the artist's work without permission.
Tenant overpays rent; the landlord doesn't notify them or return the excess.
The landlord could be liable for unjust enrichment if they retain the overpayment without permission, leading to a possible claim for restitution of the overpaid amount.
An individual mistakenly receives a scholarship meant for someone else and attends college with the funds.
The scholarship providers may have a restitution claim for the unjust enrichment of the individual receiving an education without a proper award.
A financial advisor accidentally receives a windfall due to a clerical error at the bank.
The bank could pursue a restitution claim for the amount credited in error, as retaining it would result in the financial advisor's unjust enrichment.
Company X mistakenly receives and consumes electricity due to a meter error, which was meant for Company Y.
Company X could be required to make restitution for the value of the electricity used, as it has been enriched at the expense of the utility company or Company Y.
A group mistakenly uses an event space without booking or being charged.
The event space owners may require restitution from the group for the use of the space, as this constitutes unjust enrichment.
An individual accidentally receives insider stock tips and profits significantly from trading.
The individual could be required to disgorge their trading profits to avoid unjust enrichment from information they should not have used.
A website user gains access to a subscription service due to a glitch without being billed.
The service provider might seek restitution for access provided through the glitch, correcting the unjust enrichment of the user.
A student mistakenly receives excess financial aid and spends it on non-educational luxuries.
The educational institution may demand restitution of the misallocated funds to prevent the student's unjust enrichment.
A performer is overpaid due to a miscalculation in the contract.
The party who overpaid may be entitled to restitution for the amount that was miscalculated, as the performer would otherwise be unjustly enriched.
An assistant is paid a bonus they were not entitled to due to an accounting mistake.
The employer could seek restitution for the accidental bonus to rectify the unjust enrichment of the assistant.
During a flight, a passenger is accidentally seated in first class without having paid for the upgrade.
The airline might have a claim for unjust enrichment against the passenger, who could be asked to pay the difference in ticket prices.
A bystander is enriched by a construction team mistakenly repairing their car along with the company fleet.
The construction company could claim restitution for the cost of repairs that unjustly enriched the car owner who didn’t pay for the service.
A shopper is not charged for an item due to it not scanning at checkout, and they don’t notify the cashier.
The store may have a restitution claim for the value of the item, as the shopper has been unjustly enriched by not paying for the goods.
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