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Environmental Law Concepts

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A law setting the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States.

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Clean Water Act

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The process by which regulations are developed, enacted, and implemented to address specific environmental issues.

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Environmental Rulemaking

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A legal mechanism that provides compensation for individuals who have acquired illness due to pollution or other environmental hazards.

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Environmental Tort

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This principle places the responsibility of environmental harm on those who cause it.

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Polluter Pays Principle

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Legal incentives provided to individuals or companies to take actions that reward them for behaving in environmentally friendly ways.

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Environmental Tax Credits

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An assessment required for all federal agencies' actions in the United States that might significantly affect the environment.

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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

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An acquisition of property, either permanently or temporarily, for the purpose of conserving and protecting natural resources.

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Conservation Easement

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International agreement to phase out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.

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Montreal Protocol

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Legislation enacted to control air pollution in the United States by regulating emissions from both stationary and mobile sources.

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Clean Air Act

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A method for allocating a scare environmental resource, like water usage or pollution rights.

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Environmental Permitting

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A market-driven approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for reducing emissions.

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Cap and Trade

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Principles, policies, and law that aim to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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Climate Change Law

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Legislation that assists in the recovery of endangered or threatened species in their natural habitats.

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Endangered Species Act

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An international agreement to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that cause long-range transport of persistent organic pollution.

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Stockholm Convention

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A principle stating that in situations of uncertainty, preventive measures should be taken.

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Precautionary Principle

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An approach to environmental management and policy that considers the comprehensive set of impacts from a process or product.

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Life Cycle Analysis

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Established international environmental principles for states at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

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Rio Declaration

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A legal requirement that certain activities may not pose a significant risk to human health or the environment before they can proceed.

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Risk Assessment

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An international agreement aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.

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Kyoto Protocol

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The statutory law obligating a landowner to remediate land contaminated with hazardous waste.

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Superfund

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An international treaty that aims to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and further the goal of disarmament.

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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

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A document providing a detailed analysis of the potential consequences of federal actions on the environment in the United States.

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Environmental Assessment (EA)

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Non-statutory, community-developed standards or guidelines that detail the principles and practices that support the integrity of ecosystem services.

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Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

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The increase in average temperatures near the Earth's surface over the past century, primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels.

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Global Warming

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Legislation that provides broad and generalized protection against environmentally harmful actions affecting the land, air, and water.

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Environmental Protection Act

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