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Legal Maxims
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No one is punished unless for some wrong act or fault.
Nulla poena sine culpa
An act of the court shall prejudice no one.
Actus curiae neminem gravabit
The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another.
Expressio unius est exclusio alterius
He who appoints a thing to be done may himself do it or his agent.
Qui facit per alium facit per se
Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
Ubi jus ibi remedium
The law helps the vigilant, before those who sleep on their rights.
Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt
Equal protection of laws; equality before the law.
Aequalitas est quasi aequilibrium
Ignorance of the law excuses no one.
Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
The law does not concern itself with trifles.
De minimis non curat lex
Possession implies a good title in the absence of proof to the contrary.
Possessio est quasi corporealis dominium
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
Lex talionis
Let justice be done, though the heavens fall.
Fiat justitia ruat caelum
Arguments drawn from what is inconvenient are often forcible with the courts.
Argumentum ab inconvenienti plurimum valet in lege
An agreement without consideration is void.
Nudum pactum
No one should be a judge in his own cause.
Nemo judex in causa sua
He who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
In pari delicto, potior est conditio possidentis
That which is not forbidden is permitted.
Quod non prohibetur, permittitur
A promise is a promise. (Promises must be kept.)
Pacta sunt servanda
What one has promised to do, let him not do harm.
Pacta quae turpem causam continent non sunt observanda
Let the buyer beware.
Caveat emptor
A witness cannot be a judge.
Testis unus testis nullus
One who has no interest in the outcome of the case should not be able to testify.
Nemo testis idoneus in propria causa
Truth is the mother of justice.
Veritas est justitiae mater
Where there is the same reason, there is the same law.
Ubi eadem ratio ibi idem jus
It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.
Decem personae quam perdere unum
To be unwilling to prosecute is to acquit.
Nolle prosequi
It is the duty of the good to prevent evil from occurring when they can.
Boni judicis est ampliare jurisdictionem
The burden of proof lies on him who affirms, not he who denies.
Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat
Death is presumed to be of natural causes, until the contrary is proved.
Mors omnia solvit
The written word remains.
Scripta manent
A law must not be construed to violate the laws of God or nature.
Lex non a rege est violanda
A debt proven in court is conclusive evidence.
Res judicata pro veritate accipitur
Evidence which can be falsified is not sufficient.
Testimonium quod et falsum esse potest, non est idoneum
Customary usage holds the force of law.
Consuetudo pro lege servatur
Every law has an exception.
Exceptio firmat legem
A contract is a law between the parties.
Inter partes contractus est lex
Laws are silently speaking statues.
Lex est loquens ius
He who sues for the king as well for himself.
Qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur
Unjust enrichment at the expense of others is not allowed by law.
Injuria non excusat injuriam
For the public good.
Pro bono publico
Let all the ends thou aimest at be thy country's, thy God's, and Truth's.
Fiat patria, Dei, et veritatis
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