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Historical Political Theorists and Ideas
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Plato
Theory of Forms and the ideal state
Aristotle
Politics as a practical science
Niccolò Machiavelli
Political realism
Thomas Hobbes
Social contract theory
John Locke
Natural rights and government with the consent of the governed
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Popular sovereignty and the general will
Baron de Montesquieu
Separation of powers in government
Karl Marx
Marxism, class struggle, and historical materialism
Adam Smith
Classical liberalism and the invisible hand of the free market
Max Weber
Concept of rational-legal authority in sociology and politics
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism and liberty
Michel Foucault
Theories of power, knowledge, and discourse
Thomas Paine
Advocacy of republicanism and social rights
Edmund Burke
Modern conservatism and critique of the French Revolution
Alexis de Tocqueville
Analysis of American democracy and the concept of 'tyranny of the majority'
Friedrich Hayek
Advocacy of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism
Antonio Gramsci
Theories of cultural hegemony and the role of the intellectual in society
Hannah Arendt
Ideas on totalitarianism, the banality of evil, and the public sphere
John Rawls
Justice as fairness and the veil of ignorance
Robert Nozick
Libertarianism and the entitlement theory of justice
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