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For his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times

For his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception

Who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures

Who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabic narrative art that applies to all mankind

Who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality

Often referred to as the 'father of realism,' he is one of the founders of Modernism in theatre

Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence

For a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams

Who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed

Whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history

For his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts

That epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny

For his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in 'The Old Man and the Sea', and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style

For her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world

Who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider

For his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts

Who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world

For his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today

Master of the contemporary short story

Who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality

For his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation

For having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories

Who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms

For his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West