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Sacred Texts and Mythological Epics

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The Aeneid

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Virgil's Latin epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. Cultural Origin: Ancient Rome.

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The Epic of Gilgamesh

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An ancient Mesopotamian epic about the adventures of the historical King Gilgamesh. Cultural Origin: Mesopotamia.

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The Rigveda

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An ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns, one of the four canonical sacred texts (śruti) of Hinduism known as the Vedas. Cultural Origin: India.

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Metamorphoses

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A Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, it is considered one of the most important sources of classical mythology. Cultural Origin: Ancient Rome.

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The Prose Edda

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An Old Norse text composed by Snorri Sturluson, providing a guide to Norse mythology and heroic legends. Cultural Origin: Iceland.

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The Mahabharata

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One of the largest epic tales ever written, it details the story of the Pandava brothers and the Kurukshetra War. Cultural Origin: India.

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The Poetic Edda

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A collection of Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript Codex Regius. Cultural Origin: Norse mythology.

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The Ramayana

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An ancient Indian epic following the prince Rama's quest to rescue his wife Sita from the demon King Ravana. Cultural Origin: India.

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The Odyssey

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Homer's epic following the Greek hero Odysseus' perilous journey home after the fall of Troy. Cultural Origin: Ancient Greece.

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The Enuma Elish

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The Babylonian creation myth that describes the creation of the world, the rise of the god Marduk, and the origin of humanity. Cultural Origin: Mesopotamia.

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Popol Vuh

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A sacred text of the Maya people which narrates the creation of humanity, the adventures of the Hero Twins, and the Maya cosmology. Cultural Origin: Maya civilization.

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The Book of the Dead

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An ancient Egyptian funerary text used from the beginning of the New Kingdom to around 50 BCE, which contains spells for the afterlife. Cultural Origin: Ancient Egypt.

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Le Morte d'Arthur

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Thomas Malory's compilation and interpretation of the legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Cultural Origin: Medieval England.

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Beowulf

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An Old English epic poem consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines, it is the oldest surviving epic poem of Old English and the earliest piece of vernacular European literature. Cultural Origin: Anglo-Saxon.

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The Iliad

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An epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the Trojan War, especially the events of the Greek hero Achilles. Cultural Origin: Ancient Greece.

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