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A narrative with a symbolic meaning that extends beyond the literal, often reflecting moral or political issues.

The central topic, subject, or message within a narrative.

A recurring symbol which takes on a figurative meaning and contributes toward the theme.

A character, group of characters, or other force that presents an obstacle or is in direct conflict with the protagonist.

Attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities like animals or deities.

The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

The emotional release felt by the audience of a tragedy, resulting in purification or renewal.

The most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.

A genre of literature that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.

The final part of a narrative where the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

The main character in a story, play, novel, or other narrative who drives the action forward and is often the hero.

A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance.

A typical character, action, or situation that represents universal patterns of human nature.

An error of chronology or timeline in a literary piece, where something is out of place in time.

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

An imagined state or society in which there is great suffering or injustice, typically one that is totalitarian or post-apocalyptic.

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion).

A statement that contradicts itself but might include a latent truth.

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities, giving those symbols significant meanings beyond their literal sense.

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

A literary device used to give an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

A quality of an experience in life, or a work of art, that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow.

The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

A form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences.