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Poetry Forms and Descriptions

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Haiku

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A Japanese form of poetry consisting of three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5.

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Epic

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A long narrative poem, often written about a hero or heroines.

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Sonnet

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A poem of 14 lines using any number of formal rhyme schemes, typically having 10 syllables per line.

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Free Verse

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Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.

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Cinquain

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A five-line poem with a specific syllable count for each line: 2-4-6-8-2.

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Ballad

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A form of narrative verse that can be either poetic or song-like and typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains.

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Villanelle

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A 19-line poem with two repeating rhymes and two refrains. The pattern is ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA.

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Limerick

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A humorous five-line poem with a rhyme scheme of AABBA and a specific meter.

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Sestina

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A complex form of poetry made up of six stanzas of six lines each, followed by a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern.

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Acrostic

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A poem in which the first letter of each line spells out a word, message, or the alphabet.

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Triolet

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A short poem of eight lines with only two rhymes used throughout. The first, fourth, and seventh lines repeat, as do the second and eighth lines, so the schema is ABaAabAB.

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Sijo

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A traditional Korean form of poetry with three long lines, each ranging from 14 to 16 syllables, for a total of 44 to 46 syllables.

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Lyric Poetry

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A brief, emotive poem written in first person; it expresses personal emotions or thoughts of the speaker, often with the use of musical rhythm.

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Slam Poetry

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A type of competition where poets perform original work and are judged by the audience or a panel of judges.

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Terza Rima

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A rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme: ABA BCB CDC, etc.

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Rondel

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A fixed form of verse based on two rhyme sounds and consisting of 13 or 14 lines repeated in a specific manner.

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Ode

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A form of lyric poetry expressing emotion and it's usually addressed to someone or something, or it represents the poet's musings on that subject.

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Ghazal

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A poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain. Each line must share the same meter.

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Tanka

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A genre of classical Japanese poetry with a structure of five lines and a syllable count of 5-7-5-7-7.

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Blank Verse

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Non-rhyming poetry, written in iambic pentameter; that is, each line consists of ten syllables with a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

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Elegy

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A sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person.

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Pantoum

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A poem with a set pattern of repeating lines; it's composed of a series of quatrains where the second and fourth lines of each stanza serve as the first and third lines of the next stanza.

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Concrete Poetry

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Poetry in which the visual arrangement of text, images and symbols is important in conveying the intended effect of the work.

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Pastoral

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A poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way, often featuring shepherds.

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Found Poetry

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A type of poetry created by taking words, phrases, and sometimes whole passages from other sources and reframing them as poetry.

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