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Poetry Forms and Descriptions
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Haiku
A Japanese form of poetry consisting of three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5.
Epic
A long narrative poem, often written about a hero or heroines.
Sonnet
A poem of 14 lines using any number of formal rhyme schemes, typically having 10 syllables per line.
Free Verse
Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.
Cinquain
A five-line poem with a specific syllable count for each line: 2-4-6-8-2.
Ballad
A form of narrative verse that can be either poetic or song-like and typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains.
Villanelle
A 19-line poem with two repeating rhymes and two refrains. The pattern is ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA.
Limerick
A humorous five-line poem with a rhyme scheme of AABBA and a specific meter.
Sestina
A complex form of poetry made up of six stanzas of six lines each, followed by a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern.
Acrostic
A poem in which the first letter of each line spells out a word, message, or the alphabet.
Triolet
A short poem of eight lines with only two rhymes used throughout. The first, fourth, and seventh lines repeat, as do the second and eighth lines, so the schema is ABaAabAB.
Sijo
A traditional Korean form of poetry with three long lines, each ranging from 14 to 16 syllables, for a total of 44 to 46 syllables.
Lyric Poetry
A brief, emotive poem written in first person; it expresses personal emotions or thoughts of the speaker, often with the use of musical rhythm.
Slam Poetry
A type of competition where poets perform original work and are judged by the audience or a panel of judges.
Terza Rima
A rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme: ABA BCB CDC, etc.
Rondel
A fixed form of verse based on two rhyme sounds and consisting of 13 or 14 lines repeated in a specific manner.
Ode
A form of lyric poetry expressing emotion and it's usually addressed to someone or something, or it represents the poet's musings on that subject.
Ghazal
A poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain. Each line must share the same meter.
Tanka
A genre of classical Japanese poetry with a structure of five lines and a syllable count of 5-7-5-7-7.
Blank Verse
Non-rhyming poetry, written in iambic pentameter; that is, each line consists of ten syllables with a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
Elegy
A sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person.
Pantoum
A poem with a set pattern of repeating lines; it's composed of a series of quatrains where the second and fourth lines of each stanza serve as the first and third lines of the next stanza.
Concrete Poetry
Poetry in which the visual arrangement of text, images and symbols is important in conveying the intended effect of the work.
Pastoral
A poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way, often featuring shepherds.
Found Poetry
A type of poetry created by taking words, phrases, and sometimes whole passages from other sources and reframing them as poetry.
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