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Satire in 'Candide'
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“All events are linked together in the best of all possible worlds; for, if you had not been driven from a beautiful castle for love of Miss Cunegonde: if you had not been put into the Inquisition: if you had not walked over America: if you had not stabbed the Baron, you would not be here eating preserved citrons and pistachio-nuts.”
Leibniz's Optimism and the idea that everything happens for a reason.
"We must cultivate our garden."
The value of labor and rejecting philosophical speculation.
“If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others?”
Critique of Optimism and rationalization of suffering.
"Do you believe,' said Candide, ‘that men have always massacred each other as they do to-day, that they have always been liars, cheats, traitors, ingrates, brigands, idiots, thieves, scoundrels, gluttons, drunkards, misers, envious, ambitious, blood-thirsty, calumniators, debauchees, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools?"
The nature of man and historical repetition of human vices.
Pangloss's syphilis.
Satire on philosophical rationalization of personal misfortune.
The old woman's tale of her own misfortunes.
Satire on the romanticization of tragic backstories and personal suffering.
Pangloss’s hanging and miraculous survival.
Mockery of the plot immunity often granted to characters in literature, and the persistence of optimism.
“Fools admire everything in an author of reputation.”
Satire on blind reverence for authority and famous individuals.
Cacambo’s practicality and survival skills.
Appreciation of practical knowledge over philosophical speculation.
The Lisbon earthquake and subsequent auto-da-fé.
Satire on religious responses to natural disasters and the idea that suffering is a divine punishment.
The constant return of the Baron despite multiple deaths.
Satire on the absurdity of plot conveniences and the survival of certain philosophies despite repeated challenges.
The comparison between the freedom in El Dorado and the oppression in Europe.
Critique of European society's claim to superiority and the illusion of freedom.
The futility of war depicted through the Bulgars and Abarians conflict.
Satirical criticism of the glorification of war and its inherent absurdity.
The abhorrent behavior of the orator and his wife.
Satire on religious hypocrisy and lack of human compassion among believers.
"The passion for maintaining that all is well when all goes badly."
Sarcastic criticism of unyielding optimism in the face of disaster.
"When his Highness sends a ship to Egypt does he trouble his head whether the mice on board are at their ease or not?"
Satire on indifference of the powerful to the plight of the insignificant.
Candide's expulsion from the castle.
Satire on the fall from Eden and original sin.
The discovery of the land of El Dorado.
Satire on utopias and the pursuit of unrealistic perfection.
The Anabaptist's death.
Satire on the ineffectiveness of good intentions and the fate of truly good people.
Martin's persistent pessimism.
The extreme of pessimism as a contrast to Pangloss's optimism.
The multi-lingual conversation in the galley.
Mockery of communication barriers and the superficial nature of society's differences.
Pangloss being an ineffective tutor.
Irony of the intellectual's lack of practical wisdom and utility.
"There cannot possibly be an effect without a cause."
Satire on simplistic causality and the deterministic view of events.
The story of the Bulgarian soldier.
Mockery of the romantic idea of honor in military service.
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