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Sarcasm is the use of irony to mock or convey contempt, often displayed through a tone of voice. Example: 'Nice weather we're having,' said during a storm.

Exaggeration involves overstating certain aspects of something to highlight its flaws. Example: Describing a small mistake in a report as 'the end of the world' to emphasize its potential impact on a project.

Understatement is the presentation of something as being smaller or less important than it actually is to draw attention to its true significance. Example: Referring to a catastrophic event as 'a slight problem'.

Double entendre is a phrase or figure of speech that could have two meanings or that could be understood in two different ways. Example: 'Marriage is a fine institution, but who wants to live in an institution?'

Malapropism is the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with an unintentionally amusing effect. Example: Saying 'He’s the pineapple of politeness,' instead of 'pinnacle.'

Reversal involves presenting the opposite of the normal order of things. Example: Portraying a child as the parent and the parent as the child to criticize parental irresponsibility.

A paradox is a statement that contradicts itself or defies logic or common sense but often contains a latent truth. Example: 'I must be cruel to be kind,' from Hamlet.

Irony is when the expected outcome is replaced with its opposite, highlighting a contrast between appearances and reality. Example: A fire station burns down.

Parody mimics the style and content of a particular genre, work, or author, exaggerating it comically to point out flaws. Example: 'Saturday Night Live' sketches that imitate politicians or celebrities.

Satirical simile is a comparison using 'like' or 'as' to highlight absurdity in a situation or characteristic. Example: 'He was as subtle as a clown at a funeral.'

Burlesque is a form of satire that mocks by imitating in an exaggerated, grotesque manner. Example: A literal 'roast' where someone is humorously insulted before an audience, much like a comedic impersonation with overblown flaws.

Caricature distorts or exaggerates certain traits of a person or subject to create a silly or absurd representation. Example: A political cartoon exaggerating a politician’s distinctive features.

Mock heroic treats a trivial or mundane subject with the elaborate, grand language or style suggestive of the epic genre. Example: Writing about the struggle of opening a jar of pickles as if it were an epic battle.

Incongruity places together elements that are not normally associated with each other, creating a ridiculous effect. Example: A knight in shining armor at a modern office.