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Satirical Devices in 'Animal Farm'
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All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.
Irony - Critiquing the hypocrisy of political leaders and the concept of 'equality' in a totalitarian state.
The pigs playing cards with the humans at the end of the book.
Irony - Showcases the ultimate indistinguishability between the corrupt leaders and their predecessors.
Boxer's motto: 'I will work harder!'.
Satire - Criticizing the exploitation of the working class and blind loyalty to corrupt leaders.
Napoleon declaring that drinking alcohol was punishable by death, and then later changing the rule after he drank himself.
Satire - Highlighting the double standards and hypocrisy of leadership.
The animals finding Old Major's skull displayed on a stake.
Symbolism - Symbolizes the veneration of revolutionary figures to reinforce control, similar to Lenin's embalmed body on display.
Mr. Jones’s neglect leading to the rebellion.
Allegory - Symbolizes the oppression of the proletariat by the ruling class, leading to revolution.
The commandment 'No animal shall kill any other animal' being altered to 'No animal shall kill any other animal without cause.'
Irony - Exposing the manipulation of laws to justify the leaders' actions while maintaining the appearance of fairness.
The battle of the Cowshed.
Allegory - Represents the Russian Civil War where the Bolsheviks (animals) fought against the anti-Bolsheviks (humans).
Napoleon's trade deals with the humans.
Satire - Denotes the betrayal of the animals' cause and the leaders’ collusion with the supposed enemy.
Four legs good, two legs bad.
Simplification - Mocking the simplification of complex political ideas into mindless slogans.
The confessions and executions of the animals.
Allegory - Reflects Stalin’s Great Purge where the accused were forced to confess to fabricated crimes.
The principles of Animalism.
Satire - Reflects the idealistic but ultimately unrealized principles of communism.
Mollie's departure from the farm.
Satire - Represents the bourgeois self-exile or unwillingness to partake in the new regime.
The pigs suddenly walking on two legs.
Symbolism - The transformation of the pigs into the humans they once opposed represents the corrupting nature of power.
'Napoleon is always right.'
Satire - Criticizing the blind faith of the populace in a leader, reflecting the cult of personality.
The sheep being taught new chants by Napoleon.
Satire - Reflects the role of the masses being manipulated by propaganda to support the ruling elite.
The frequent rewriting of the Seven Commandments.
Symbolism - Denoting the manipulation and revision of history and facts by those in power.
The destruction of the windmill by human forces.
Allegory - Symbolizes the attacks on Soviet projects by foreign powers and internal sabotage.
The establishment of a 'Spontaneous Demonstration' to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm.
Irony - Mocks the forced and artificial displays of loyalty common in oppressive regimes.
Snowball being chased off by the dogs.
Allegory - Symbolizes the power struggle and expulsion of Leon Trotsky by Stalin.
Squealer falling off the ladder while altering the commandments.
Irony - Signifies the deceitful nature of propaganda under an authoritarian rule.
The windmill being knocked down.
Allegory - Represents the repeated failures of the Five-Year Plans in the Soviet Union.
Benjamin's cynicism about the rebellion.
Irony - Uses the skeptical character to foreshadow the betrayal of the revolution's ideals.
The Seven Commandments being reduced to a single maxim: 'All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.'
Irony - Illustrates the abandonment of the original revolutionary principles to a single, self-serving rule by the elite.
The song 'Beasts of England' being banned.
Parody - Mocking the censorship and control of the state over culture and revolutionary spirit.
The hens' resistance to giving up their eggs.
Satire - Symbolizes the peasant revolts and resistance to collectivization.
Napoleon educating the piglets.
Irony - Signifying the indoctrination and grooming of the younger generation by authoritarian leaders.
Boxer being sold to the knacker.
Tragedy - A satirical portrayal of the betrayal of the working-class loyalty and sacrifice.
The animals' inability to distinguish between pig and human faces.
Irony - Reveals that the new regime has become as oppressive as the old one.
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