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Differential Equations Basics

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Order of a differential equation

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The highest derivative in a differential equation.

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Nonlinear differential equation

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A differential equation that is not linear, meaning it may involve powers or products of the dependent variable and its derivatives that are higher than the first degree.

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Exact differential equation

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A differential equation of the form M(x,y)dx+N(x,y)dy=0M(x, y)dx + N(x, y)dy = 0, for which there exists a function F(x,y)F(x, y) such that dF=Mdx+NdydF = Mdx + Ndy, implying My=Nx\frac{\partial M}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial N}{\partial x}.

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Homogeneous differential equation

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A differential equation where every term is a function of the dependent variable and its derivatives; in other words, there are no terms that are functions of the independent variable alone.

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Separable differential equation

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A differential equation in which the variables can be separated on opposite sides of the equation, allowing the equation to be written in the form g(y)dy=f(x)dxg(y)\,dy = f(x)\,dx.

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Inhomogeneous (or nonhomogeneous) differential equation

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A differential equation that has terms that are functions of the independent variable alone or involve no derivatives of the dependent variable.

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Initial value problem

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A differential equation accompanied by a specification of the value of the dependent variable and/or its derivatives at a particular point.

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Boundary value problem

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A type of differential equation where the solution must satisfy certain fixed conditions, called boundary conditions, at the end-points of the interval where the solution is defined.

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Linear differential equation

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A differential equation in which the dependent variable and its derivatives appear to the first power, and the equation does not contain products of the dependent variable and its derivatives.

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Partial differential equation (PDE)

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A differential equation involving partial derivatives, which relates the changes in a function of multiple variables to changes in each variable independently.

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