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Discrete Math - Graph Theory Basics
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Adjacent Edges
Two edges are adjacent if they share a common vertex.
Connected Graph
A graph where there is a path between every pair of vertices.
Cycle
A path that starts and ends at the same vertex without traversing any other vertex more than once.
Hamiltonian Path
A path in a graph that visits each vertex exactly once.
Strongly Connected Component
In a directed graph, a subset of vertices such that there is a directed path from each vertex in the subset to every other vertex.
Tree
A connected graph with no cycles.
Eulerian Path
A path in a graph which visits every edge exactly once.
Degree of a vertex
The number of edges incident to the vertex.
Graph Isomorphism
Two graphs G1 and G2 are isomorphic if there is a bijection between their vertex sets that preserves adjacency.
Vertex Cover
A set of vertices that includes at least one endpoint of every edge in the graph.
Directed Graph (Digraph)
A graph in which the edges have a direction.
Adjacency Matrix
A square matrix used to represent a finite graph, with rows and columns labeled by graph vertices.
Planar Graph
A graph that can be embedded in the plane, so no edges intersect except at their endpoints.
Path
A sequence of vertices where each adjacent pair is connected by an edge.
Complete Graph
A graph in which every pair of vertices is connected by an edge.
Bipartite Graph
A graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets such that no two vertices within the same set are adjacent.
Adjacent Vertices
Two vertices are adjacent if they are connected by an edge.
Weighted Graph
A graph where edges have an associated weight or cost.
Subgraph
A graph formed from a subset of the vertices and edges of another graph.
Incidence Matrix
A matrix that shows the relationship between vertices and edges in a graph.
Graph
A set of vertices connected by edges.
Degree Sequence
A list of degrees of the vertices in the graph, usually written in non-increasing order.
Independent Set
A set of vertices in a graph, no two of which are adjacent.
Forest
A collection of trees.
Edge
A connection between two vertices in a graph.
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