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Basic Combinatorics Terminology
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Binomial Coefficient
The number of ways to choose a subset of k elements from a set of n elements without regard to the order of selection.
Factorial
The product of all positive integers less than or equal to a given positive integer.
Combination
A selection of objects where order does not matter.
Multinomial Coefficient
The number of ways to divide n items into multiple groups of various sizes.
Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
A principle used to compute the cardinality of the union of multiple sets by including the cardinalities of the sets and excluding the cardinalities of their pairwise, triple-wise, etc., intersections.
Difference of Sets
The set of elements that are in one set but not in another.
Set
A collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.
Disjoint Sets
Two or more sets that have no element in common.
Cardinality of a Set
The number of elements in a set.
Binomial Theorem
A formula for expressing the powers of sums, which generalizes the binomial coefficients.
Symmetric Difference of Sets
The set of elements that are in either of two sets but not in their intersection.
Permutation
An arrangement of objects in a specific order.
Permutation of Multisets
The number of unique arrangements of a multiset where repetitions of elements are allowed.
Power Set
The set of all subsets of a set, including the empty set and the set itself.
Union of Sets
The set containing all elements from all sets being considered.
Cartesian Product
The set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is in set A and b is in set B.
Ordered Pair
A pair of elements with order being significant, typically denoted as (a, b).
Subset
A set of which all elements are also contained in another set.
Intersection of Sets
The set containing all elements that are common to all sets being considered.
Pigeonhole Principle
A principle that states if n items are put into m containers, with n > m, then at least one container must contain more than one item.
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