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Opera by Era
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Baroque Era (1600-1750)
Characterized by ornate detail, elaborate stage effects, and the beginnings of opera seria and opera buffa.
Classical Era (1750-1820)
Marked by a cleaner, more balanced structure and the rise of opera buffa over seria.
Romantic Era (1800s)
Emphasized intense emotion, exotic settings, and allowed for greater freedom in structure.
Bel Canto Period (Early 19th Century)
Focused on beautiful singing and vocal agility, primarily in Italian opera.
Verismo Period (Late 19th Century)
Operas depicted realistic, everyday characters, often with violent or passionate emotions.
Modernism (20th Century)
Operas demonstrate a break from traditional harmony and narrative, using innovative techniques.
Late Romantic Era (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)
Operas feature complex harmonies and rich orchestration, with a high level of emotional expression.
Contemporary Era (Late 20th - 21st Century)
Diverse in style, ranging from traditional to experimental, often engaging with modern themes.
The Restoration Period (Late 17th Century)
The return of Charles II to England saw the revival of public theaters and operas with English texts.
The Galant Style (18th Century)
Focused on simplicity and immediacy of appeal, reacting against the complexity of Baroque music.
Serialism (20th Century)
Organized pitch, dynamics, and rhythm using series or rows, often resulting in a cerebral and less emotional style.
The Mannheim School (18th Century)
In opera, the Mannheim School influenced orchestral playing with dynamic contrasts and a richer orchestral palette.
Impressionism (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)
Characterized by a focus on atmosphere and suggestion rather than explicit emotive content, often blurring the lines of tonality.
Expressionism (Early 20th Century)
Focused on expressing the most intense and subjective emotions, often through dissonance and atonality.
Neoclassicism (Early to Mid-20th Century)
A return to the perceived clarity and balance of the music of the 18th century, with modern harmonies and rhythms.
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