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Opera by Era
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Bel Canto Period (Early 19th Century)
Focused on beautiful singing and vocal agility, primarily in Italian opera.
Romantic Era (1800s)
Emphasized intense emotion, exotic settings, and allowed for greater freedom in structure.
Modernism (20th Century)
Operas demonstrate a break from traditional harmony and narrative, using innovative techniques.
Neoclassicism (Early to Mid-20th Century)
A return to the perceived clarity and balance of the music of the 18th century, with modern harmonies and rhythms.
Verismo Period (Late 19th Century)
Operas depicted realistic, everyday characters, often with violent or passionate emotions.
Contemporary Era (Late 20th - 21st Century)
Diverse in style, ranging from traditional to experimental, often engaging with modern themes.
The Galant Style (18th Century)
Focused on simplicity and immediacy of appeal, reacting against the complexity of Baroque music.
The Restoration Period (Late 17th Century)
The return of Charles II to England saw the revival of public theaters and operas with English texts.
Classical Era (1750-1820)
Marked by a cleaner, more balanced structure and the rise of opera buffa over seria.
Serialism (20th Century)
Organized pitch, dynamics, and rhythm using series or rows, often resulting in a cerebral and less emotional style.
Late Romantic Era (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)
Operas feature complex harmonies and rich orchestration, with a high level of emotional expression.
Expressionism (Early 20th Century)
Focused on expressing the most intense and subjective emotions, often through dissonance and atonality.
Baroque Era (1600-1750)
Characterized by ornate detail, elaborate stage effects, and the beginnings of opera seria and opera buffa.
Impressionism (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)
Characterized by a focus on atmosphere and suggestion rather than explicit emotive content, often blurring the lines of tonality.
The Mannheim School (18th Century)
In opera, the Mannheim School influenced orchestral playing with dynamic contrasts and a richer orchestral palette.
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