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A transparent, colored material used in lighting to color light and for color correction. Example: To achieve a sunrise effect, we can use an orange gel in front of the lights.

A stencil placed in front of a light source to project a shape or pattern. Example: During the play's forest scene, a gobo was used to create the illusion of trees.

The primary source of light on a subject, usually placed at a 45 degree angle. Example: The key light was positioned to highlight the actor's face during the monologue.

Secondary light source used to reduce shadows caused by the key light. Example: We added a fill light to soften the shadows on the actress's cheekbones.

Lighting that comes from behind the subject to create depth and separate them from the background. Example: Backlight was used to make the principal dancer stand out from the corps de ballet.

A piece of fabric that appears opaque when lit from the front and translucent when backlit. Example: A scrim was lowered for the ghostly apparition scene to achieve a mysterious effect.

An attachment for a stage light that allows the light to be focused into narrower areas. Example: By adjusting the barn doors, we focused the spotlights on the lead singer only.

A type of lantern with a lens that produces a soft-edged beam of light, useful for washes. Example: We used Fresnels to create a warm, soft light across the whole stage.

A spotlight specifically designed to follow actors as they move around the stage. Example: The followspot operator kept the lead in the spotlight during her solo.

A type of light that produces a well-defined beam, often used for spotlighting. Example: An ellipsoidal was used to spotlight the actor during the climactic speech.

A device used to vary the brightness of a stage light. Example: The dimmers were adjusted to slowly fade to black at the end of the scene.

A complete lighting unit, including a lamp, reflector, lens, and housing. Example: The new LED luminaires were much more energy-efficient than the old ones.

A versatile type of lantern with a parabolic reflector, used to produce a wide range of beam spreads. Example: PARs were rigged above the stage to provide general wash lighting.

A strong, durable tape used in theater to secure cables and mark positions. Example: We used gaffer tape to make sure the power cables were safely attached to the floor.

The brightness or strength of a light source. Example: The director asked for the intensity of the stage lights to be increased for better visibility.

A characteristic of visible light measured in degrees Kelvin (K), indicating the hue of a specific type of light source. Example: We chose a gel with a cooler color temperature for the moonlit scene.

A signal for a lighting change or effect to occur at a specific moment in a production. Example: The lighting cue for the thunderstorm effect was executed perfectly by the tech crew.

A large curtain, usually concave, positioned at the back of the stage for projecting light and creating atmosphere. Example: The cyclorama was lit with a gradient to mimic a sunset.

A lantern that projects a strong, focused beam of light to highlight a performer or area on stage. Example: A tight spotlight was used on the magician during his act.

A lantern designed to cover a large area with light, often used for general washes. Example: Floodlights were used to illuminate the entire stage for the opening dance number.

A detailed diagram or map that indicates the location of lighting instruments, their type, and other pertinent information. Example: The designer explained the light plot to the crew during the tech rehearsal.

The angle at which light is emitted from a fixture, which determines the size of the light pool on stage. Example: We chose fixtures with a narrow beam angle to create focused areas of light.

A complete absence of stage lighting, typically used to signify the end of a scene or act. Example: A sudden blackout concluded the tense standoff between characters.

A digital communication network used to control stage lighting and effects. Example: The DMX system made it easier to synchronize the lights with the music.