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Operatic Terms

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Coloratura

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An elaborate melody with rapid runs, trills, and leaps. A singer performing coloratura pieces is often called a coloratura soprano.

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Leitmotif

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A recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation.

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Baritone

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A male singing voice that lies between the bass and tenor voices, often associated with a rich, mellow timbre.

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Recitative

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A style of delivery in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech; used for dialogues and narrations in operas.

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Libretto

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The text of an opera or other long vocal work.

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Fach

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A system classifying opera singers according to the range, weight, and color of their voices, used by opera companies to ensure roles are filled by the appropriate voice types.

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Overture

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An orchestral piece at the beginning of an opera, setting the overall tone and often including themes from the opera.

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Bel canto

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A lyrical style of operatic singing that emphasizes the beauty of the voice and the virtuosity of the singer.

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Mezzo-soprano

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A female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types.

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Cadenza

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A virtuoso solo passage inserted into a movement in a concerto or aria, typically near the end, and allowing the soloist to display their technical skill.

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Prima donna

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The leading female singer in an opera company; term can also refer to someone who behaves in a demanding and temperamental fashion.

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Aria

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A long, accompanied song for a solo voice, typically one in an opera or oratorio.

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Intermezzo

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A short connecting instrumental movement in an opera or other musical work, sometimes presented between the acts.

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Maestro

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An honorific title of respect bestowed upon a master musician, such as a renowned conductor or music director of an opera.

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Diva

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A celebrated female opera singer; the term is also used to describe a woman of outstanding talent in the world of opera, and by extension in theatre, cinema and popular music.

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Spinto

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A type of operatic singing voice that has the brightness and height of the lyric voice but is capable of dramatic intensity.

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Basso buffo

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A bass singer who specializes in comic roles, possessing both good comic timing and a resonant, flexible voice.

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Tenor

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A male singing voice, and the highest male voice within the modal register.

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Falsetto

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A vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the modal voice register and overlapping with the lower part of the whistle register, often used by males to sing notes higher than their normal range.

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Castrato

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A male singer castrated before puberty to prevent the voice from breaking and dropping into the male range, enabling the singer to reach the pitch of a soprano, mezzo-soprano, or contralto.

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Helden tenor

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A term used in opera to describe the voice of a tenor with both the range and power to sing heroic roles, especially those by Richard Wagner.

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Soubrette

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A young female opera character often a servant, who is pert and charming, flirtatious, and cunning with a light and nimble voice to match.

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Counter-tenor

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A male singing voice whose vocal range is equivalent to that of the female contralto or mezzo-soprano voice types, generally by using falsetto, or a modal register above the typical tenor range.

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Grand opera

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A style of opera which is characterized by serious, fully-sung drama, massive cast and orchestration, and sumptuous sets and costumes.

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Basso profondo

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The lowest bass voice type, with a vocal range that typically extends down to an E2, and characterized by a full, rich, deep sound with a dark timbre.

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Comprimario

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A supporting singing role in an opera, usually a secondary character.

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Operetta

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A genre of light opera, often humorous and with spoken dialogue, that is less grandiose than traditional opera.

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Pants role

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A role in opera in which a female singer plays a male character, often a youthful and charming boy.

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Dramatic soprano

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A voice that has the power, fullness and authority of a soprano voice, but is also capable of producing a rich and voluminous sound.

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Lyrical soprano

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A female singing voice that is lighter and more agile than the dramatic soprano, but still capable of conveying emotional depth.

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