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Collective Bargaining Agreements in Sports

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Minimum Salary

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The minimum salary is the lowest amount that a player can be paid as stipulated by the collective bargaining agreement, ensuring a baseline income for all players.

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Salary Cap

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A salary cap is a limit on the amount of money a team can spend on player salaries, which helps maintain competitive balance by ensuring that wealthier teams cannot simply outspend others for talent.

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Franchise Tag

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The franchise tag is an NFL-specific provision that allows a team to designate one 'franchise player' each season whose contract is set to expire, giving them a one-year contract based on a formula tied to top player salaries.

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Performance Bonuses

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Performance bonuses are additional compensation that a player can earn for achieving specific performance-related milestones, incentivizing players to perform at their best.

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Trade Kickers

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Trade kickers are contract clauses that provide a player with additional compensation if they are traded, protecting players' financial interests during trades.

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Strike Fund

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A strike fund is money set aside by player associations to support players financially during a strike or lockout, providing them with a safety net if collective bargaining leads to a work stoppage.

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Guaranteed Contract

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A guaranteed contract ensures that a player will receive their compensation regardless of whether they are cut from the team or injured, providing financial security for players.

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Rookie Scale Contracts

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Rookie scale contracts are predefined contract structures for first-year players, which include salary scales and length of contract based on draft position.

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Injury Settlements

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Injury settlements are agreements that provide compensation to players for injuries sustained while playing, beyond the terms of their normal contract.

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Luxury Tax

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A luxury tax is a fee that teams must pay if their payroll exceeds a certain threshold, designed to prevent excessive spending on player salaries by wealthier teams.

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Revenue Sharing

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Revenue sharing is the distribution of a portion of the league's total income among its teams, which is designed to address disparities in market size and teams' financial performance.

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Exhibit 10 Contracts

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Exhibit 10 contracts are contracts that include a specific attachment that allows NBA teams to convert a traditional contract into a two-way contract or waive the player.

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Veteran's Minimum

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The veteran's minimum is the minimum salary that a player with a certain number of years in the league can earn, higher than the standard minimum salary to compensate for experience.

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Two-Way Contracts

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Two-way contracts allow a player to split time between a league's major and minor teams, such as the NBA and G-League, with salary determined by their time spent on each.

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Practice Squad

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A practice squad is a group of players who practice with the team but are not on the main roster, often used in leagues like the NFL for development and as a reserve pool.

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Maximum Contract

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A maximum contract is the highest amount that a player can be paid under the CBA, establishing a ceiling for player salaries and preventing inflation.

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Waivers

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Waivers is the process by which a team can release a player from their contract, allowing other teams the opportunity to claim the player or the player to become a free agent.

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Free Agency

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Free agency is a system that allows players to sell their services to any team after certain conditions are met, providing players with more freedom of movement and the ability to negotiate contracts.

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Draft Rights

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Draft rights are the exclusive rights that a team acquires to negotiate with a player selected in the draft, which can be held or traded among teams.

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Non-Guaranteed Contract

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A non-guaranteed contract is a type of contract where the player's compensation is not guaranteed and can be terminated under certain conditions, offering less financial security for players.

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Option Year

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An option year is a contract provision that allows the team or player to extend the contract for an additional year beyond the original terms, often under predefined conditions.

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No-Trade Clause

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A no-trade clause is a provision in a player's contract that prevents them from being traded to another team without their consent, giving players a degree of control over their career.

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Group Licensing

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Group licensing allows for the collective use of players' names, images, and likenesses for products and promotions, with revenues often shared between the league and players.

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Collective Bargaining

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Collective bargaining is the process of negotiating between representatives of the league and players to establish the terms of employment, including wages, hours, and other conditions.

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Arbitration

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Arbitration is a dispute resolution process where an independent third party makes a binding decision on a dispute between a player and the league/team, often regarding contract or discipline issues.

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