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Key Demographic Concepts

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Mortality Rate

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A measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population per unit of time.

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Fertility Rate

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The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime within a population.

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Crude Birth Rate

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The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

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Dependency Ratio

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A measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64.

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Demographic Transition

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A theory that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

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Population Density

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A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density.

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Life Expectancy

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The average number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.

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Carrying Capacity

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The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.

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Infant Mortality Rate

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The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.

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Sex Ratio

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The ratio of males to females in a population.

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Population Pyramid

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A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

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Crude Death Rate

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The number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

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Total Fertility Rate

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The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life.

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Rate of Natural Increase

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The rate at which a population is increasing (or decreasing) in a given year due to a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths, expressed as a percentage of the base population.

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Median Age

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The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; half the people are younger than this age and half are older.

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