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Key Demographic Concepts
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Mortality Rate
A measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population per unit of time.
Fertility Rate
The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime within a population.
Crude Birth Rate
The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Dependency Ratio
A measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64.
Demographic Transition
A theory that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
Population Density
A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Sex Ratio
The ratio of males to females in a population.
Population Pyramid
A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life.
Rate of Natural Increase
The rate at which a population is increasing (or decreasing) in a given year due to a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths, expressed as a percentage of the base population.
Median Age
The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; half the people are younger than this age and half are older.
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