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Population Pyramids Explained
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Wide Base
A high birth rate and a large young population.
Narrow Base
Declining birth rate and a shrinking younger population.
Bulge in the Middle
A larger middle-aged population, often due to historical events like a baby boom.
Narrowing at Young Adult Ages
Indicative of emigration, where young adults move out of the country for opportunities.
Concave Sides
High mortality rates in certain age cohorts or differences in male to female birth rates.
Convex Sides
Indicates relatively even survival rates across most age groups.
Top-Heavy Structure
An aging population with a large elderly cohort.
Equal Widths
Stable population with similar number of people in each age group.
Pinnacles at Specific Cohorts
Echo effects from past events that caused high birth rates or mortality rates in certain years.
Stair-Stepped Decline
Suggests high mortality rates decreasing steadily with age.
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