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Population Pyramids Explained
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Equal Widths
Stable population with similar number of people in each age group.
Concave Sides
High mortality rates in certain age cohorts or differences in male to female birth rates.
Wide Base
A high birth rate and a large young population.
Stair-Stepped Decline
Suggests high mortality rates decreasing steadily with age.
Convex Sides
Indicates relatively even survival rates across most age groups.
Bulge in the Middle
A larger middle-aged population, often due to historical events like a baby boom.
Narrow Base
Declining birth rate and a shrinking younger population.
Pinnacles at Specific Cohorts
Echo effects from past events that caused high birth rates or mortality rates in certain years.
Narrowing at Young Adult Ages
Indicative of emigration, where young adults move out of the country for opportunities.
Top-Heavy Structure
An aging population with a large elderly cohort.
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