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An environmental policy tool that delivers results with a mandatory cap on emissions while providing sources flexibility in how they comply. Successful cap-and-trade programs reward innovation, efficiency, and early action and provide strict environmental accountability without inhibiting economic growth.

An international treaty among industrialized nations that sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions.

The decrease in the number of species, genetic variability, and the biological communities in a given area.

An agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, starting in the year 2020.

A measure of how much of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space. Ice, for instance, has a high albedo compared to other surfaces.

The ongoing decrease in pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

A permit that allows a country or organization to produce a certain amount of carbon emissions and that can be traded if the full allowance is not used.

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

The gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources.

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).

The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is one method of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change.

Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.

Caused or influenced by humans. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are emissions that result from human activities such as burning coal for power or deforestation.

A mathematical representation of the complex processes that make up the climate system, used to understand past changes and project future climate change.

The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to mitigate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.

The removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

A potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential more than 25 times greater than that of CO2 over a 100-year period.