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The process of recovering material from old or broken electronic devices. Benefits include the reduction of hazardous substances leaching into the environment, conservation of precious metals, and prevention of health risks from electronic waste.

A thermochemical treatment, which involves the degradation of material at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Benefits include the production of synthetic fuels, the potential to process a variety of wastes, and the reduction in waste volume.

A form of recycling that involves turning materials or products into new materials of higher quality or value. Benefits include the reduction of waste, creative reuse of materials, and adding value to what would otherwise be waste.

A process that generates energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste. Benefits include reducing the volume of waste, generating energy, and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.

A biological process of converting organic waste materials into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. Benefits include enriching soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, and reducing methane emissions from landfills.

A waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Benefits include volume reduction of waste, generation of heat and power, and reduction of hazardous waste.

The process of collecting, separating, and processing materials that would otherwise be disposed of as waste, and turning them into raw materials. Benefits include conservation of resources, reduction in energy consumption, and economic benefits from selling recovered materials.

A method of solid waste disposal where waste is buried in the ground. Benefits include the ability to handle large amounts of waste, relatively low operational costs, and the potential for landfill gas recovery.

The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. Benefits include reducing the consumption of fresh raw materials, energy usage, and air and water pollution.

The use of microorganisms, fungi, green plants, or their enzymes to return the natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Benefits include being a natural process, effectiveness in reducing pollutants, and its low-cost compared to other technologies.

Preventing waste from being created in the first place. Benefits include conserving resources, reduction of pollution, and economic savings through cost avoidance.