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The transformation or inner journey of a character over the course of the script. Example: In 'Kung Fu Panda', Po goes from an unsure kung fu enthusiast to a confident Dragon Warrior.

A brief summary of the script that states the central conflict, protagonist, and the stakes. Example: A clown fish father must navigate the ocean's dangers to rescue his son in 'Finding Nemo'.

A principle that suggests it is more effective to convey a message or story through action and imagery rather than exposition. Example: Instead of saying a character is sad, showing them hugging a pillow and looking at an old photo.

A script element that specifies the location and time of day for a scene. Example: INT. ANDY'S ROOM - DAY.

Narration by a character not currently seen on screen, providing context or internal thoughts. Example: The opening of 'The Emperor's New Groove' features Kuzco narrating over the animation.

A secondary plot that supports and enhances the main plot. Example: The romantic subplot between Anna and Kristoff in 'Frozen'.

The smallest unit of storytelling that signifies a change in direction or emotion. Example: In 'Toy Story', a beat occurs when Woody realizes he needs Buzz's help.

A verbal or written presentation of a script idea to potential buyers. Example: Pitching an animated series idea to a network executive.

A significant event within the script that spins the action around in a new direction. Example: 'Frozen's plot point where Elsa accidentally reveals her powers in public.

An event that sets the main plot in motion. Example: In 'The Incredibles', Bob's receipt of a secret message to perform hero work again is the inciting incident.

The written conversation between characters. Example: The witty back-and-forth between Mike and Sully in 'Monsters, Inc.'.

The process of editing and rewriting the script to improve its structure, dialogue, pacing, and other elements. Example: A script may go through several revisions before it is considered ready for production.

A script written with the speculation that it will be sold later. It is written according to industry standards but without any up-front commission or payment. Example: Many writers create spec scripts for existing TV shows to demonstrate their ability to write for those characters.

The standard structure and set of guidelines used to write scripts for movies and television. Example: The screenplay format includes scene headings, action lines, character names, dialogue, and parentheticals.

The division of a script into parts, typically three, that consist of the Setup, Confrontation, and Resolution. Example: 'The Lion King' has a clear three-act structure.

A sequence of shots showing the passage of time, often used to compress time and information. Example: 'Up' uses a montage to show Carl and Ellie's life together.

The delivery of background information necessary to understand the story. Example: 'The Lion King' introduces the Pride Lands and royal family hierarchy in the opening scenes.

The underlying message or central idea of the script. Example: The theme of friendship and loyalty in 'Toy Story'.

The most intense and pivotal moment in the script where the protagonist confronts the central conflict. Example: In 'Finding Nemo', the climax is when Marlin and Nemo escape the fishing net.